Read the Bible — American Standard Version · Jeremiah

Jeremiah 4

1 If thou wilt return, O Israel, saith Jehovah, if thou wilt return unto me, and if thou wilt put away thine abominations out of my sight; then shalt thou not be removed;

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • If thou wilt return H7725 (שׁוּב) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally…
  • O Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
  • saith H5002 (נְאֻם) — an oracle
  • Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
  • return H7725 (שׁוּב) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally…
  • unto me: and if thou wilt put away H5493 (סוּר) — to turn off (literally or figuratively)
  • thine abominations H8251 (שִׁקּוּץ) — disgusting, i.e. filthy; especially idolatrous or (concretely) an idol
  • out of my sight H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
  • then shalt thou not remove H5110 (נוּד) — to nod, i.e. waver; figuratively, to wander, flee, disappear; also (from shaking the head in sympathy), to console, deplore, or (from tossing the head in scorn)…

2 and thou shalt swear, As Jehovah liveth, in truth, in justice, and in righteousness; and the nations shall bless themselves in him, and in him shall they glory.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • And thou shalt swear H7650 (שָׁבַע) — to seven oneself, i.e. swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)
  • Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
  • liveth H2416 (חַי) — alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing),…
  • in truth H571 (אֶמֶת) — stability; (figuratively) certainty, truth, trustworthiness
  • in judgment H4941 (מִשְׁפָּט) — properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or…
  • and in righteousness H6666 (צְדָקָה) — rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)
  • and the nations H1471 (גּוֹי) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
  • shall bless H1288 (בָּרַךְ) — to kneel; by implication to bless God (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (God or the king, as treason)
  • themselves in him, and in him shall they glory H1984 (הָלַל) — to be clear (orig. of sound, but usually of color); to shine; hence, to make a show, to boast; and thus to be (clamorously) foolish; to rave; causatively, to ce…

3 For thus saith Jehovah to the men of Judah and to Jerusalem, Break up your fallow ground, and sow not among thorns.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • For thus saith H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
  • Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
  • to the men H376 (אִישׁ) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
  • of Judah H3063 (יְהוּדָה) — Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
  • and Jerusalem H3389 (יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם) — Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
  • Break up H5214 (נִיר) — to till the soil
  • your fallow ground H5215 (נִיר) — properly, plowing, i.e. (concretely) freshly plowed land
  • and sow H2232 (זָרַע) — to sow; figuratively, to disseminate, plant, fructify
  • not among thorns H6975 (קוֹץ) — a thorn

4 Circumcise yourselves to Jehovah, and take away the foreskins of your heart, ye men of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem; lest my wrath go forth like fire, and burn so that none can quench it, because of the evil of your doings.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Circumcise H4135 (מוּל) — to cut short, i.e. curtail (specifically the prepuce, i.e. to circumcise); by implication, to blunt; figuratively, to destroy
  • yourselves to Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
  • and take away H5493 (סוּר) — to turn off (literally or figuratively)
  • the foreskins H6190 (עׇרְלָה) — the prepuce
  • of your heart H3824 (לֵבָב) — the heart (as the most interior organ);
  • ye men H376 (אִישׁ) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
  • of Judah H3063 (יְהוּדָה) — Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
  • and inhabitants H3427 (יָשַׁב) — properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
  • of Jerusalem H3389 (יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם) — Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
  • lest my fury H2534 (חֵמָה) — heat; figuratively, anger, poison (from its fever)
  • come forth H3318 (יָצָא) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.
  • like fire H784 (אֵשׁ) — fire (literally or figuratively)
  • and burn H1197 (בָּעַר) — to kindle, i.e. consume (by fire or by eating); to be (-come) brutish
  • that none can quench H3518 (כָּבָה) — to expire or (causatively) to extinguish (fire, light, anger)
  • because H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
  • of the evil H7455 (רֹעַ) — badness (as marring), physically or morally
  • of your doings H4611 (מַעֲלָל) — an act (good or bad)

5 Declare ye in Judah, and publish in Jerusalem; and say, Blow ye the trumpet in the land: cry aloud and say, Assemble yourselves, and let us go into the fortified cities.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Declare H5046 (נָגַד) — properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present…
  • ye in Judah H3063 (יְהוּדָה) — Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
  • and publish H8085 (שָׁמַע) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
  • in Jerusalem H3389 (יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם) — Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
  • and say H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
  • Blow H8628 (תָּקַע) — to clatter, i.e. slap (the hands together), clang (an instrument); by analogy, to drive (a nail or tent-pin, a dart, etc.); by implication, to become bondsman b…
  • ye the trumpet H7782 (שׁוֹפָר) — a cornet (as giving a clear sound) or curved horn
  • in the land H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
  • cry H7121 (קָרָא) — to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
  • gather together H4390 (מָלֵא) — to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)
  • Assemble H622 (אָסַף) — to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
  • yourselves, and let us go H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
  • into the defenced H4013 (מִבְצָר) — a fortification, castle, or fortified city; figuratively, a defender
  • cities H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

6 Set up a standard toward Zion: flee for safety, stay not; for I will bring evil from the north, and a great destruction.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Set up H5375 (נָשָׂא) — to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
  • the standard H5251 (נֵס) — a flag; also a sail; by implication, a flagstaff; generally a signal; figuratively, a token
  • toward Zion H6726 (צִיּוֹן) — Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of Jerusalem
  • retire H5756 (עוּז) — to be strong; causatively, to strengthen, i.e. (figuratively) to save (by flight)
  • stay H5975 (עָמַד) — to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
  • not: for I will bring H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
  • evil H7451 (רַע) — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
  • from the north H6828 (צָפוֹן) — properly, hidden, i.e. dark; used only of the north as a quarter (gloomy and unknown)
  • and a great H1419 (גָּדוֹל) — great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
  • destruction H7667 (שֶׁבֶר) — a fracture, figuratively, ruin; specifically, a solution (of a dream)

7 A lion is gone up from his thicket, and a destroyer of nations; he is on his way, he is gone forth from his place, to make thy land desolate, that thy cities be laid waste, without inhabitant.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • The lion H738 (אֲרִי) — a lion
  • is come up H5927 (עָלָה) — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
  • from his thicket H5441 (סֹבֶךְ) — a copse
  • and the destroyer H7843 (שָׁחַת) — to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
  • of the Gentiles H1471 (גּוֹי) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
  • is on his way H5265 (נָסַע) — properly, to pull up, especially the tent-pins, i.e. start on a journey
  • he is gone forth H3318 (יָצָא) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.
  • from his place H4725 (מָקוֹם) — properly, a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
  • to make H7760 (שׂוּם) — to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
  • thy land H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
  • desolate H8047 (שַׁמָּה) — ruin; by implication, consternation
  • thy cities H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
  • shall be laid waste H5327 (נָצָה) — properly, to go forth, i.e. (by implication) to be expelled, and (consequently) desolate; causatively, to lay waste; also (specifically), to quarrel
  • without an inhabitant H3427 (יָשַׁב) — properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

8 For this gird you with sackcloth, lament and wail; for the fierce anger of Jehovah is not turned back from us.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • For this gird H2296 (חָגַר) — to gird on (as a belt, armor, etc.)
  • you with sackcloth H8242 (שַׂק) — properly, a mesh (as allowing a liquid to run through), i.e. coarse loose cloth or sacking (used in mourning and for bagging); hence, a bag (for grain, etc.)
  • lament H5594 (סָפַד) — properly, to tear the hair and beat the breasts (as Orientals do in grief); generally to lament; by implication, to wail
  • and howl H3213 (יָלַל) — to howl (with a wailing tone) or yell (with a boisterous one)
  • for the fierce H2740 (חָרוֹן) — a burning of anger
  • anger H639 (אַף) — properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
  • of Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
  • is not turned back H7725 (שׁוּב) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally…

9 And it shall come to pass at that day, saith Jehovah, that the heart of the king shall perish, and the heart of the princes; and the priests shall be astonished, and the prophets shall wonder.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • And it shall come to pass at that day H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
  • saith H5002 (נְאֻם) — an oracle
  • Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
  • the heart H3820 (לֵב) — the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything
  • of the king H4428 (מֶלֶךְ) — a king
  • shall perish H6 (אָבַד) — properly, to wander away, i.e. lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)
  • and the heart H3820 (לֵב) — the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything
  • of the princes H8269 (שַׂר) — a head person (of any rank or class)
  • and the priests H3548 (כֹּהֵן) — literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
  • shall be astonished H8074 (שָׁמֵם) — to stun (or intransitively, grow numb), i.e. devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a passive sense)
  • and the prophets H5030 (נָבִיא) — a prophet or (generally) inspired man
  • shall wonder H8539 (תָּמַהּ) — to be in consternation

10 Then said I, Ah, Lord Jehovah! surely thou hast greatly deceived this people and Jerusalem, saying, Ye shall have peace; whereas the sword reacheth unto the life.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Then said H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
  • I, Ah H162 (אֲהָהּ) — Oh!
  • Lord H136 (אֲדֹנָי) — the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
  • Yhwh H3069 (יְהֹוִה)
  • surely H403 (אָכֵן) — firmly; figuratively, surely; also (adversative) but
  • thou hast greatly H5377 (נָשָׁא) — to lead astray, i.e. (mentally) to delude, or (morally) to seduce
  • deceived H5377 (נָשָׁא) — to lead astray, i.e. (mentally) to delude, or (morally) to seduce
  • this people H5971 (עַם) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
  • and Jerusalem H3389 (יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם) — Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
  • saying H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
  • Ye shall have peace H7965 (שָׁלוֹם) — safe, i.e. (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e. health, prosperity, peace
  • whereas the sword H2719 (חֶרֶב) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
  • reacheth H5060 (נָגַע) — properly, to touch, i.e. lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive, acquire);…
  • unto the soul H5315 (נֶפֶשׁ) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental)

11 At that time shall it be said to this people and to Jerusalem, A hot wind from the bare heights in the wilderness toward the daughter of my people, not to winnow, nor to cleanse;

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • At that time H6256 (עֵת) — time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
  • shall it be said H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
  • to this people H5971 (עַם) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
  • and to Jerusalem H3389 (יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם) — Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
  • A dry H6703 (צַח) — dazzling, i.e. sunny, bright, (figuratively) evident
  • wind H7307 (רוּחַ) — wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by re…
  • of the high places H8205 (שְׁפִי) — bareness; concretely, a bare hill or plain
  • in the wilderness H4057 (מִדְבָּר) — a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs)
  • toward H1870 (דֶּרֶךְ) — a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
  • the daughter H1323 (בַּת) — a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
  • of my people H5971 (עַם) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
  • not to fan H2219 (זָרָה) — to toss about; by implication, to diffuse, winnow
  • nor to cleanse H1305 (בָּרַר) — to clarify (i.e. brighten), examine, select

12 a full wind from these shall come for me: now will I also utter judgments against them.

Cross references & Strong's
Cross references (TSK): Jeremiah 1:16
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • a full H4392 (מָלֵא) — full (literally or figuratively) or filling (literally); also (concretely) fulness; adverbially, fully
  • wind H7307 (רוּחַ) — wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by re…
  • shall come H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
  • unto me: now also will I give H1696 (דָבַר) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
  • sentence H4941 (מִשְׁפָּט) — properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or…

13 Behold, he shall come up as clouds, and his chariots shall be as the whirlwind: his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe unto us! for we are ruined.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Behold, he shall come up H5927 (עָלָה) — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
  • as clouds H6051 (עָנָן) — a cloud (as covering the sky), i.e. the nimbus or thunder-cloud
  • and his chariots H4818 (מֶרְכָּבָה) — a chariot
  • as a whirlwind H5492 (סוּפָה) — a hurricane
  • his horses H5483 (סוּס) — a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid flight)
  • are swifter H7043 (קָלַל) — to be (causatively, make) light, literally (swift, small, sharp, etc.) or figuratively (easy, trifling, vile, etc.)
  • than eagles H5404 (נֶשֶׁר) — the eagle (or other large bird of prey)
  • Woe H188 (אוֹי) — lamentation; also interjectionally Oh!
  • unto us! for we are spoiled H7703 (שָׁדַד) — properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage

14 O Jerusalem, wash thy heart from wickedness, that thou mayest be saved. How long shall thine evil thoughts lodge within thee?

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • O Jerusalem H3389 (יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם) — Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
  • wash H3526 (כָּבַס) — to trample; hence, to wash (properly, by stamping with the feet), whether literal (including the fulling process) or figurative
  • thine heart H3820 (לֵב) — the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything
  • from wickedness H7451 (רַע) — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
  • that thou mayest be saved H3467 (יָשַׁע) — properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e. (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor
  • How long shall thy vain H205 (אָוֶן) — strictly nothingness; also trouble, vanity, wickedness; specifically an idol
  • thoughts H4284 (מַחֲשָׁבָה) — a contrivance, i.e. (concretely) a texture, machine, or (abstractly) intention, plan (whether bad, a plot; or good, advice)
  • lodge H3885 (לוּן) — to stop (usually over night); by implication, to stay permanently; hence (in a bad sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to complain)
  • within H7130 (קֶרֶב) — properly, the nearest part, i.e. the center, whether literal, figurative or adverbial (especially with preposition)

15 For a voice declareth from Dan, and publisheth evil from the hills of Ephraim.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • For a voice H6963 (קוֹל) — a voice or sound
  • declareth H5046 (נָגַד) — properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present…
  • from Dan H1835 (דָּן) — Dan, one of the sons of Jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory; likewise a place in Palestine colonized by them
  • and publisheth H8085 (שָׁמַע) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
  • affliction H205 (אָוֶן) — strictly nothingness; also trouble, vanity, wickedness; specifically an idol
  • from mount H2022 (הַר) — a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
  • Ephraim H669 (אֶפְרַיִם) — Ephrajim, a son of Joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory

16 Make ye mention to the nations; behold, publish against Jerusalem, that watchers come from a far country, and give out their voice against the cities of Judah.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Make ye mention H2142 (זָכַר) — properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e. to remember; by implication, to mention; to be male
  • to the nations H1471 (גּוֹי) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
  • behold, publish H8085 (שָׁמַע) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
  • against Jerusalem H3389 (יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם) — Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
  • watchers H5341 (נָצַר) — to guard, in a good sense (to protect, maintain, obey, etc.) or a bad one (to conceal, etc.)
  • come H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
  • from a far H4801 (מֶרְחָק) — remoteness, i.e. (concretely) a distant place; often (adverbially) from afar
  • country H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
  • and give out H5414 (נָתַן) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
  • their voice H6963 (קוֹל) — a voice or sound
  • against the cities H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
  • of Judah H3063 (יְהוּדָה) — Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory

17 As keepers of a field are they against her round about, because she hath been rebellious against me, saith Jehovah.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • As keepers H8104 (שָׁמַר) — properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc.
  • of a field H7704 (שָׂדֶה) — a field (as flat)
  • are they against her round about H5439 (סָבִיב) — (as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
  • because she hath been rebellious H4784 (מָרָה) — to be (causatively, make) bitter (or unpleasant); (figuratively) to rebel (or resist; causatively, to provoke)
  • against me, saith H5002 (נְאֻם) — an oracle
  • Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God

18 Thy way and thy doings have procured these things unto thee; this is thy wickedness; for it is bitter, for it reacheth unto thy heart.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Thy way H1870 (דֶּרֶךְ) — a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
  • and thy doings H4611 (מַעֲלָל) — an act (good or bad)
  • have procured H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
  • thy wickedness H7451 (רַע) — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
  • because it is bitter H4751 (מַר) — bitter (literally or figuratively); also (as noun) bitterness, or (adverbially) bitterly
  • because it reacheth H5060 (נָגַע) — properly, to touch, i.e. lay the hand upon (for any purpose; euphemistically, to lie with a woman); by implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive, acquire);…
  • unto thine heart H3820 (לֵב) — the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything

19 My anguish, my anguish! I am pained at my very heart; my heart is disquieted in me; I cannot hold my peace; because thou hast heard, O my soul, the sound of the trumpet, the alarm of war.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • My bowels H4578 (מֵעֶה) — used only in plural the intestines, or (collectively) the abdomen, figuratively, sympathy; by implication, a vest; by extension the stomach, the uterus (or of m…
  • I am pained H3176 (יָחַל) — to wait; by implication, to be patient, hope
  • I am pained H2342 (חוּל) — properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e. (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; figuratively,…
  • at my very H7023 (קִיר) — a wall (as built in a trench)
  • heart H3820 (לֵב) — the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything
  • my heart H3820 (לֵב) — the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything
  • maketh a noise H1993 (הָמָה) — to make a loud sound (like English 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor
  • in me; I cannot hold my peace H2790 (חָרַשׁ) — to scratch, i.e. (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad sense); he…
  • because thou hast heard H8085 (שָׁמַע) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
  • O my soul H5315 (נֶפֶשׁ) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental)
  • the sound H6963 (קוֹל) — a voice or sound
  • of the trumpet H7782 (שׁוֹפָר) — a cornet (as giving a clear sound) or curved horn
  • the alarm H8643 (תְּרוּעָה) — clamor, i.e. acclamation of joy or a battle-cry; especially clangor of trumpets, as an alarum
  • of war H4421 (מִלְחָמָה) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. war-fare)

20 Destruction upon destruction is cried; for the whole land is laid waste: suddenly are my tents destroyed, and my curtains in a moment.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Destruction H7667 (שֶׁבֶר) — a fracture, figuratively, ruin; specifically, a solution (of a dream)
  • upon destruction H7667 (שֶׁבֶר) — a fracture, figuratively, ruin; specifically, a solution (of a dream)
  • is cried H7121 (קָרָא) — to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
  • for the whole land H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
  • is spoiled H7703 (שָׁדַד) — properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage
  • suddenly H6597 (פִּתְאוֹם) — instantly
  • are my tents H168 (אֹהֶל) — a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)
  • spoiled H7703 (שָׁדַד) — properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage
  • my curtains H3407 (יְרִיעָה) — a hanging (as tremulous)
  • in a moment H7281 (רֶגַע) — a wink (of the eyes), i.e. a very short space of time

21 How long shall I see the standard, and hear the sound of the trumpet?

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • How long shall I see H7200 (רָאָה) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
  • the standard H5251 (נֵס) — a flag; also a sail; by implication, a flagstaff; generally a signal; figuratively, a token
  • hear H8085 (שָׁמַע) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
  • the sound H6963 (קוֹל) — a voice or sound
  • of the trumpet H7782 (שׁוֹפָר) — a cornet (as giving a clear sound) or curved horn

22 For my people are foolish, they know me not; they are sottish children, and they have no understanding; they are wise to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • For my people H5971 (עַם) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
  • foolish H191 (אֱוִיל) — (figuratively) silly
  • they have not known H3045 (יָדַע) — to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation…
  • sottish H5530 (סָכָל) — silly
  • children H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
  • and they have none understanding H995 (בִּין) — to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e.(generally) understand
  • wise H2450 (חָכָם) — wise, (i.e. intelligent, skilful or artful)
  • to do evil H7489 (רָעַע) — properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing, i.e. bad (physically, socially or morally)
  • but to do good H3190 (יָטַב) — to be (causative) make well, literally (sound, beautiful) or figuratively (happy, successful, right)
  • they have no knowledge H3045 (יָדַע) — to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation…

23 I beheld the earth, and, lo, it was waste and void; and the heavens, and they had no light.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • I beheld H7200 (רָאָה) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
  • the earth H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
  • without form H8414 (תֹּהוּ) — a desolation (of surface), i.e. desert; figuratively, a worthless thing; adverbially, in vain
  • and void H922 (בֹּהוּ) — a vacuity, i.e. (superficially) an undistinguishable ruin
  • and the heavens H8064 (שָׁמַיִם) — the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)
  • no light H216 (אוֹר) — illumination or (concrete) luminary (in every sense, including lightning, happiness, etc.)

24 I beheld the mountains, and, lo, they trembled, and all the hills moved to and fro.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • I beheld H7200 (רָאָה) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
  • the mountains H2022 (הַר) — a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
  • and, lo, they trembled H7493 (רָעַשׁ) — to undulate (as the earth, the sky, etc.; also a field of grain), particularly through fear; specifically, to spring (as a locust)
  • and all the hills H1389 (גִּבְעָה) — a hillock
  • moved lightly H7043 (קָלַל) — to be (causatively, make) light, literally (swift, small, sharp, etc.) or figuratively (easy, trifling, vile, etc.)

25 I beheld, and, lo, there was no man, and all the birds of the heavens were fled.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • I beheld H7200 (רָאָה) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
  • no man H120 (אָדָם) — ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
  • and all the birds H5775 (עוֹף) — a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as covering with wings), often collectively
  • of the heavens H8064 (שָׁמַיִם) — the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)
  • were fled H5074 (נָדַד) — properly, to wave to and fro (rarely to flap up and down); figuratively, to rove, flee, or (causatively) to drive away

26 I beheld, and, lo, the fruitful field was a wilderness, and all the cities thereof were broken down at the presence of Jehovah, and before his fierce anger.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • I beheld H7200 (רָאָה) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
  • and, lo, the fruitful place H3759 (כַּרְמֶל) — a planted field (garden, orchard, vineyard or park); by implication, garden produce
  • a wilderness H4057 (מִדְבָּר) — a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs)
  • and all the cities H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
  • thereof were broken down H5422 (נָתַץ) — to tear down
  • at the presence H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
  • of Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
  • by his fierce H2740 (חָרוֹן) — a burning of anger
  • anger H639 (אַף) — properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

27 For thus saith Jehovah, The whole land shall be a desolation; yet will I not make a full end.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • For thus hath Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
  • said H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
  • The whole land H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
  • shall be desolate H8077 (שְׁמָמָה) — devastation; figuratively, astonishment
  • yet will I not make H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
  • a full end H3617 (כָּלָה) — a completion; adverb, completely; also destruction

28 For this shall the earth mourn, and the heavens above be black; because I have spoken it, I have purposed it, and I have not repented, neither will I turn back from it.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • For this shall the earth H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
  • mourn H56 (אָבַל) — to bewail
  • and the heavens H8064 (שָׁמַיִם) — the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)
  • above H4605 (מַעַל) — properly,the upper part, used only adverbially with prefix upward, above, overhead, from the top, etc.
  • be black H6937 (קָדַר) — to be ashy, i.e. dark-colored; by implication, to mourn (in sackcloth or sordid garments)
  • because I have spoken H1696 (דָבַר) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
  • I have purposed H2161 (זָמַם) — to plan, usually in a bad sense
  • and will not repent H5162 (נָחַם) — properly, to sigh, i.e. breathe strongly; by implication, to be sorry, i.e. (in a favorable sense) to pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavorably) to av…
  • neither will I turn back H7725 (שׁוּב) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally…

29 Every city fleeth for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen; they go into the thickets, and climb up upon the rocks: every city is forsaken, and not a man dwelleth therein.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • The whole city H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
  • shall flee H1272 (בָּרַח) — to bolt, i.e. figuratively, to flee suddenly
  • for the noise H6963 (קוֹל) — a voice or sound
  • of the horsemen H6571 (פָּרָשׁ) — a steed (as stretched out to a vehicle, not single nor for mounting ); also (by implication) a driver (in a chariot), i.e. (collectively) cavalry
  • and bowmen H7411 (רָמָה) — to hurl; specifically, to shoot; figuratively, to delude or betray (as if causing to fall)
  • and bowmen H7198 (קֶשֶׁת) — a bow, for shooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris
  • they shall go H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
  • into thickets H5645 (עָב) — properly, an envelope, i.e. darkness (or density, 2 Chronicles 4:17); specifically, a (scud) cloud; also a copse
  • and climb up H5927 (עָלָה) — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
  • upon the rocks H3710 (כֵּף) — a hollow rock
  • every city H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
  • forsaken H5800 (עָזַב) — to loosen, i.e. relinquish, permit, etc.
  • and not a man H376 (אִישׁ) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
  • dwell H3427 (יָשַׁב) — properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
  • therein H2004 (הֵן) — they (only used when emphatic)

30 And thou, when thou art made desolate, what wilt thou do? Though thou clothest thyself with scarlet, though thou deckest thee with ornaments of gold, though thou enlargest thine eyes with paint, in vain dost thou make thyself fair; thy lovers despise thee, they seek thy life.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • spoiled H7703 (שָׁדַד) — properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage
  • what wilt thou do H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
  • Though thou clothest H3847 (לָבַשׁ) — properly, wrap around, i.e. (by implication) to put on a garment or clothe (oneself, or another), literally or figuratively
  • thyself with crimson H8144 (שָׁנִי) — crimson, properly, the insect or its color, also stuff dyed with it
  • though thou deckest H5710 (עָדָה) — to advance, i.e. pass on or continue; causatively, to remove; specifically, to bedeck (i.e. bring an ornament upon)
  • thee with ornaments H5716 (עֲדִי) — finery; generally an outfit; specifically, a headstall
  • of gold H2091 (זָהָב) — gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e. yellow), as oil, a clear sky
  • though thou enlargest H7167 (קָרַע) — to rend, literally or figuratively (revile, paint the eyes, as if enlarging them)
  • thine eyes H5869 (עַיִן) — an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
  • with painting H6320 (פּוּךְ) — dye (specifically, stibium for the eyes)
  • in vain H7723 (שָׁוְא) — evil (as destructive), literally (ruin) or morally (especially guile); figuratively idolatry (as false, subjective), uselessness (as deceptive, objective; also…
  • shalt thou make thyself fair H3302 (יָפָה) — properly, to be bright, i.e. (by implication) beautiful
  • lovers H5689 (עֲגַב) — to breathe after, i.e. to love (sensually)
  • will despise H3988 (מָאַס) — to spurn; also (intransitively) to disappear
  • thee, they will seek H1245 (בָּקַשׁ) — to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
  • thy life H5315 (נֶפֶשׁ) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental)

31 For I have heard a voice as of a woman in travail, the anguish as of her that bringeth forth her first child, the voice of the daughter of Zion, that gaspeth for breath, that spreadeth her hands, saying, Woe is me now! for my soul fainteth before the murderers.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • For I have heard H8085 (שָׁמַע) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
  • a voice H6963 (קוֹל) — a voice or sound
  • as of a woman in travail H2470 (חָלָה) — properly, to be rubbed or worn; hence (figuratively) to be weak, sick, afflicted; or (causatively) to grieve, make sick; also to stroke (in flattering), entreat
  • the anguish H6869 (צָרָה) — tightness (i.e. figuratively, trouble); transitively, a female rival
  • as of her that bringeth forth her first child H1069 (בָּכַר) — to give the birthright
  • the voice H6963 (קוֹל) — a voice or sound
  • of the daughter H1323 (בַּת) — a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
  • of Zion H6726 (צִיּוֹן) — Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of Jerusalem
  • bewaileth H3306 (יָפַח) — properly, to breathe hard, i.e. (by implication) to sigh
  • spreadeth H6566 (פָּרַשׂ) — to break apart, disperse, etc.
  • her hands H3709 (כַּף) — the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-tree); fig…
  • Woe H188 (אוֹי) — lamentation; also interjectionally Oh!
  • me now! for my soul H5315 (נֶפֶשׁ) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental)
  • is wearied H5888 (עָיֵף) — to languish
  • because of murderers H2026 (הָרַג) — to smite with deadly intent