1 When Ephraim spake, there was trembling; he exalted himself in Israel; but when he offended in Baal, he died.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- When Ephraim H669 (אֶפְרַיִם) — Ephrajim, a son of Joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
- spake H1696 (דָבַר) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
- trembling H7578 (רְתֵת) — terror
- he exalted H5375 (נָשָׂא) — to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative
- himself in Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- but when he offended H816 (אָשַׁם) — to be guilty; by implication to be punished or perish
- in Baal H1168 (בַּעַל) — Baal, a Phoenician deity
- he died H4191 (מוּת) — to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
2 And now they sin more and more, and have made them molten images of their silver, even idols according to their own understanding, all of them the work of the craftsmen: they say of them, Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And now they sin H2398 (חָטָא) — properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
- more and more H3254 (יָסַף) — to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
- and have made H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
- them molten images H4541 (מַסֵּכָה) — properly, a pouring over, i.e. fusion of metal (especially a cast image); by implication, a libation, i.e. league; concretely a coverlet (as if poured out)
- of their silver H3701 (כֶּסֶף) — silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
- idols H6091 (עָצָב) — an (idolatrous) image
- according to their own understanding H8394 (תָּבוּן) — intelligence; by implication, an argument; by extension, caprice
- all of it the work H4639 (מַעֲשֶׂה) — an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property
- of the craftsmen H2796 (חָרָשׁ) — a fabricator or any material
- they say H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- of them, Let the men H120 (אָדָם) — ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
- that sacrifice H2076 (זָבַח) — to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice)
- kiss H5401 (נָשַׁק) — to kiss, literally or figuratively (touch); also (as a mode of attachment), to equip with weapons
- the calves H5695 (עֵגֶל) — a (male) calf (as frisking round), especially one nearly grown (i.e. a steer)
3 Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the dew that passeth early away, as the chaff that is driven with the whirlwind out of the threshing-floor, and as the smoke out of the chimney.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Therefore they shall be as the morning H1242 (בֹּקֶר) — properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally, morning
- cloud H6051 (עָנָן) — a cloud (as covering the sky), i.e. the nimbus or thunder-cloud
- and as the early H7925 (שָׁכַם) — literally, to load up (on the back of man or beast), i.e. to start early in the morning
- dew H2919 (טַל) — dew (as covering vegetation)
- that passeth away H1980 (הָלַךְ) — to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
- as the chaff H4671 (מֹץ) — chaff (as pressed out, i.e. winnowed or (rather) threshed loose)
- is driven with the whirlwind H5590 (סָעַר) — to rush upon; by implication, to toss (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative)
- out of the floor H1637 (גֹּרֶן) — a threshing-floor (as made even); by analogy, any open area
- and as the smoke H6227 (עָשָׁן) — smoke, literally or figuratively (vapor, dust, anger)
- out of the chimney H699 (אֲרֻבָּה) — a lattice; (by implication) a window, dovecot (because of the pigeon-holes), chimney (with its apertures for smoke), sluice (with openings for water)
4 Yet I am Jehovah thy God from the land of Egypt; and thou shalt know no god but me, and besides me there is no saviour.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- thy God H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
- from the land H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
- of Egypt H4714 (מִצְרַיִם) — Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt
- and thou shalt know H3045 (יָדַע) — to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation…
- no god H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
- but me H2108 (זוּלָה) — probably scattering, i.e. removal; used adverbially, except
- no saviour H3467 (יָשַׁע) — properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e. (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor
- beside me H1115 (בִּלְתִּי) — properly, a failure of, i.e. (used only as a negative particle, usually with a prepositional prefix) not, except, without, unless, besides, because not, until,…
5 I did know thee in the wilderness, in the land of great drought.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- I did know H3045 (יָדַע) — to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation…
- thee in the wilderness H4057 (מִדְבָּר) — a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs)
- in the land H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
- of great drought H8514 (תַּלְאוּבָה) — desiccation
6 According to their pasture, so were they filled; they were filled, and their heart was exalted: therefore have they forgotten me.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- According to their pasture H4830 (מִרְעִית) — pasturage; concretely, a flock
- so were they filled H7646 (שָׂבַע) — to sate, i.e. fill to satisfaction (literally or figuratively)
- they were filled H7646 (שָׂבַע) — to sate, i.e. fill to satisfaction (literally or figuratively)
- and their heart H3820 (לֵב) — the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything
- was exalted H7311 (רוּם) — to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively)
- therefore have they forgotten H7911 (שָׁכַח) — to mislay, i.e. to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention
7 Therefore am I unto them as a lion; as a leopard will I watch by the way;Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Therefore I will be unto them as a lion H7826 (שַׁחַל) — a lion (from his characteristic roar)
- as a leopard H5246 (נָמֵר) — a leopard (from its stripes)
- by the way H1870 (דֶּרֶךְ) — a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
- will I observe H7789 (שׁוּר) — to spy out, i.e. (generally) survey, (for evil) lurk for, (for good) care for
8 I will meet them as a bear that is bereaved of her whelps, and will rend the caul of their heart; and there will I devour them like a lioness; the wild beast shall tear them.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- I will meet H6298 (פָּגַשׁ) — to come in contact with, whether by accident or violence; figuratively, to concur
- them as a bear H1677 (דֹּב) — the bear (as slow)
- bereaved H7909 (שַׁכּוּל) — bereaved
- and will rend H7167 (קָרַע) — to rend, literally or figuratively (revile, paint the eyes, as if enlarging them)
- the caul H5458 (סְגוֹר) — properly, shut up, i.e. the breast (as enclosing the heart); also gold (as generally shut up safely)
- of their heart H3820 (לֵב) — the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything
- and there will I devour H398 (אָכַל) — to eat (literally or figuratively)
- them like a lion H3833 (לָבִיא) — a lion (properly, a lioness as the fiercer (although not a roarer;))
- the wild H7704 (שָׂדֶה) — a field (as flat)
- beast H2416 (חַי) — alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing),…
- shall tear H1234 (בָּקַע) — to cleave; generally, to rend, break, rip or open
9 It is thy destruction, O Israel, that thou art against me, against thy help.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- O Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- thou hast destroyed H7843 (שָׁחַת) — to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
- thine help H5828 (עֵזֶר) — aid
10 Where now is thy king, that he may save thee in all thy cities? and thy judges, of whom thou saidst, Give me a king and princes?Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- I will H165 (אֱהִי) — where
- be thy king H4428 (מֶלֶךְ) — a king
- where H645 (אֵפוֹ) — strictly a demonstrative particle, here; but used of time, now or then
- that may save H3467 (יָשַׁע) — properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e. (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor
- thee in all thy cities H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
- and thy judges H8199 (שָׁפַט) — to judge, i.e. pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literally or figur…
- of whom thou saidst H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- Give H5414 (נָתַן) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
- me a king H4428 (מֶלֶךְ) — a king
- and princes H8269 (שַׂר) — a head person (of any rank or class)
11 I have given thee a king in mine anger, and have taken him away in my wrath.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- I gave H5414 (נָתַן) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
- thee a king H4428 (מֶלֶךְ) — a king
- in mine anger H639 (אַף) — properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
- and took H3947 (לָקַח) — to take (in the widest variety of applications)
- away in my wrath H5678 (עֶבְרָה) — an outburst of passion
12 The iniquity of Ephraim is bound up; his sin is laid up in store.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- The iniquity H5771 (עָוֺן) — perversity, i.e. (moral) evil
- of Ephraim H669 (אֶפְרַיִם) — Ephrajim, a son of Joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
- bound up H6887 (צָרַר) — to cramp, literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive
- his sin H2403 (חַטָּאָה) — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
- hid H6845 (צָפַן) — to hide (by covering over); by implication, to hoard or reserve; figuratively to deny; specifically (favorably) to protect, (unfavorably) to lurk
13 The sorrows of a travailing woman shall come upon him: he is an unwise son; for it is time he should not tarry in the place of the breaking forth of children.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- The sorrows H2256 (חֶבֶל) — a rope (as twisted), especially a measuring line; by implication, a district or inheritance (as measured); or a noose (as of cords); figuratively, a company (as…
- of a travailing woman H3205 (יָלַד) — to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
- shall come H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
- an unwise H2450 (חָכָם) — wise, (i.e. intelligent, skilful or artful)
- son H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
- for he should not stay H5975 (עָמַד) — to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
- long H6256 (עֵת) — time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
- the breaking forth H4866 (מִשְׁבֵּר) — the orifice of the womb (from which the fœtus breaks forth)
- of children H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
14 I will ransom them from the power of Sheol; I will redeem them from death: O death, where are thy plagues? O Sheol, where is thy destruction? repentance shall be hid from mine eyes.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- I will ransom H6299 (פָּדָה) — to sever, i.e. ransom; generally to release, preserve
- them from the power H3027 (יָד) — a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from 3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of a…
- of the grave H7585 (שְׁאוֹל) — hades or the world of the dead (as if a subterranean retreat), including its accessories and inmates
- I will redeem H1350 (גָּאַל) — to redeem (according to the Oriental law of kinship), i.e. to be the next of kin (and as such to buy back a relative's property, marry his widow, etc.)
- them from death H4194 (מָוֶת) — death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
- O death H4194 (מָוֶת) — death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin
- I will H165 (אֱהִי) — where
- be thy plagues H1698 (דֶּבֶר) — a pestilence
- O grave H7585 (שְׁאוֹל) — hades or the world of the dead (as if a subterranean retreat), including its accessories and inmates
- be thy destruction H6987 (קֹטֶב) — extermination
- repentance H5164 (נֹחַם) — ruefulness, i.e. desistance
- shall be hid H5641 (סָתַר) — to hide (by covering), literally or figuratively
- from mine eyes H5869 (עַיִן) — an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
15 Though he be fruitful among his brethren, an east wind shall come, the breath of Jehovah coming up from the wilderness; and his spring shall become dry, and his fountain shall be dried up: he shall make spoil of the treasure of all goodly vessels.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Though he be fruitful H6500 (פָּרָא) — to bear fruit
- brethren H251 (אָח) — a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like 1])
- an east wind H6921 (קָדִים) — the fore or front part; hence (by orientation) the East (often adverbially, eastward, for brevity the east wind)
- shall come H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
- the wind H7307 (רוּחַ) — wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by re…
- of Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- shall come up H5927 (עָלָה) — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
- from the wilderness H4057 (מִדְבָּר) — a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs)
- and his spring H4726 (מָקוֹר) — properly, something dug, i.e. a (general) source (of water, even when naturally flowing; also of tears, blood (by euphemism, of the female pudenda); figurativel…
- shall become dry H954 (בּוּשׁ) — properly, to pale, i.e. by implication to be ashamed; also (by implication) to be disappointed or delayed
- and his fountain H4599 (מַעְיָן) — a fountain (also collectively), figuratively, a source (of satisfaction)
- shall be dried up H2717 (חָרַב) — to parch (through drought) i.e. (by analogy,) to desolate, destroy, kill
- he shall spoil H8154 (שָׁסָה) — to plunder
- the treasure H214 (אוֹצָר) — a depository
- of all pleasant H2532 (חֶמְדָּה) — delight
- vessels H3627 (כְּלִי) — something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
16 Samaria shall bear her guilt; for she hath rebelled against her God: they shall fall by the sword; their infants shall be dashed in pieces, and their women with child shall be ripped up.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Samaria H8111 (שֹׁמְרוֹן) — Shomeron, a place in Palestine
- shall become desolate H816 (אָשַׁם) — to be guilty; by implication to be punished or perish
- for she hath rebelled H4784 (מָרָה) — to be (causatively, make) bitter (or unpleasant); (figuratively) to rebel (or resist; causatively, to provoke)
- against her God H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
- they shall fall H5307 (נָפַל) — to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
- by the sword H2719 (חֶרֶב) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
- their infants H5768 (עוֹלֵל) — a suckling
- shall be dashed in pieces H7376 (רָטַשׁ) — to dash down
- and their women with child H2030 (הָרֶה) — pregnant
- shall be ripped up H1234 (בָּקַע) — to cleave; generally, to rend, break, rip or open