1 Israel is a luxuriant vine, that putteth forth his fruit: according to the abundance of his fruit he hath multiplied his altars; according to the goodness of their land they have made goodly pillars.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- an empty H1238 (בָּקַק) — to pour out, i.e. to empty, figuratively, to depopulate; by analogy, to spread out (as a fruitful vine)
- vine H1612 (גֶּפֶן) — a vine (as twining), especially the grape
- he bringeth forth H7737 (שָׁוָה) — properly, to level, i.e. equalize; figuratively, to resemble; by implication, to adjust (i.e. counterbalance, be suitable, compose, place, yield, etc.)
- fruit H6529 (פְּרִי) — fruit (literally or figuratively)
- unto himself: according to the multitude H7230 (רֹב) — abundance (in any respect)
- of his fruit H6529 (פְּרִי) — fruit (literally or figuratively)
- he hath increased H7235 (רָבָה) — to increase (in whatever respect)
- the altars H4196 (מִזְבֵּחַ) — an altar
- according to the goodness H2896 (טוֹב) — good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good or good t…
- of his land H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
- they have made goodly H2895 (טוֹב) — to be (transitively, do or make) good (or well) in the widest sense
- images H4676 (מַצֵּבָה) — something stationed, i.e. a column or (memorial stone); by analogy, an idol
2 Their heart is divided; now shall they be found guilty: he will smite their altars, he will destroy their pillars.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Their heart H3820 (לֵב) — the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything
- is divided H2505 (חָלַק) — to be smooth (figuratively); by implication (as smooth stones were used for lots) to apportion or separate
- now shall they be found faulty H816 (אָשַׁם) — to be guilty; by implication to be punished or perish
- he shall break down H6202 (עָרַף) — to break the neck; hence (figuratively) to destroy
- their altars H4196 (מִזְבֵּחַ) — an altar
- he shall spoil H7703 (שָׁדַד) — properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage
- their images H4676 (מַצֵּבָה) — something stationed, i.e. a column or (memorial stone); by analogy, an idol
3 Surely now shall they say, We have no king; for we fear not Jehovah; and the king, what can he do for us?Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- For now they shall say H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- We have no king H4428 (מֶלֶךְ) — a king
- because we feared H3372 (יָרֵא) — to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten
- not Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- what then should a king H4428 (מֶלֶךְ) — a king
- do H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
4 They speak vain words, swearing falsely in making covenants: therefore judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of the field.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- They have spoken H1696 (דָבַר) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
- words H1697 (דָּבָר) — a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
- swearing H422 (אָלָה) — properly, to adjure, i.e. (usually in a bad sense) imprecate
- falsely H7723 (שָׁוְא) — evil (as destructive), literally (ruin) or morally (especially guile); figuratively idolatry (as false, subjective), uselessness (as deceptive, objective; also…
- in making H3772 (כָּרַת) — to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e. make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh a…
- a covenant H1285 (בְּרִית) — a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)
- thus judgment H4941 (מִשְׁפָּט) — properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or…
- springeth up H6524 (פָּרַח) — to break forth as a bud, i.e. bloom; generally, to spread; specifically, to fly (as extending the wings); figuratively, to flourish
- as hemlock H7219 (רֹאשׁ) — a poisonous plant, probably the poppy (from its conspicuous head); generally poison (even of serpents)
- in the furrows H8525 (תֶּלֶם) — a bank or terrace
- of the field H7704 (שָׂדֶה) — a field (as flat)
5 The inhabitants of Samaria shall be in terror for the calves of Beth-aven; for the people thereof shall mourn over it, and the priests thereof that rejoiced over it, for the glory thereof, because it is departed from it.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- The inhabitants H7934 (שָׁכֵן) — a resident; by extension, a fellow-citizen
- of Samaria H8111 (שֹׁמְרוֹן) — Shomeron, a place in Palestine
- shall fear H1481 (גּוּר) — properly, to turn aside from the road (for a lodging or any other purpose), i.e. sojourn (as a guest); also to shrink, fear (as in a strange place); also to gat…
- because of the calves H5697 (עֶגְלָה) — a (female) calf, especially one nearly grown (i.e. a heifer)
- of Beth–aven H1007 (בֵּית אָוֶן) — Beth-Aven, a place in Palestine
- for the people H5971 (עַם) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
- thereof shall mourn H56 (אָבַל) — to bewail
- over it, and the priests H3649 (כָּמָר) — properly, an ascetic (as if shrunk with self-maceration), i.e. an idolatrous priest (only in plural)
- rejoiced H1523 (גִּיל) — properly, to spin round (under the influence of any violent emotion), i.e. usually rejoice, or (as cringing) fear
- on it, for the glory H3519 (כָּבוֹד) — properly, weight, but only figuratively in a good sense, splendor or copiousness
- thereof, because it is departed H1540 (גָּלָה) — to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped); figuratively, to reveal
6 It also shall be carried unto Assyria for a present to king Jareb: Ephraim shall receive shame, and Israel shall be ashamed of his own counsel.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- It shall be also carried H2986 (יָבַל) — properly, to flow; causatively, to bring (especially with pomp)
- unto Assyria H804 (אַשּׁוּר) — Ashshur, the second son of Shem; also his descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e. Assyria), its region and its empire
- a present H4503 (מִנְחָה) — a donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial offering (usually bloodless and voluntary)
- to king H4428 (מֶלֶךְ) — a king
- Jareb H3377 (יָרֵב) — Jareb, a symbolical name for Assyria
- Ephraim H669 (אֶפְרַיִם) — Ephrajim, a son of Joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
- shall receive H3947 (לָקַח) — to take (in the widest variety of applications)
- shame H1317 (בׇּשְׁנָה) — shamefulness
- and Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- shall be ashamed H954 (בּוּשׁ) — properly, to pale, i.e. by implication to be ashamed; also (by implication) to be disappointed or delayed
- of his own counsel H6098 (עֵצָה) — advice; by implication, plan; also prudence
7 As for Samaria, her king is cut off, as foam upon the water.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Samaria H8111 (שֹׁמְרוֹן) — Shomeron, a place in Palestine
- her king H4428 (מֶלֶךְ) — a king
- is cut off H1820 (דָּמָה) — to be dumb or silent; hence, to fail or perish; trans. to destroy
- as the foam H7110 (קֶצֶף) — a splinter (as chipped off); figuratively, rage or strife
- upon H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
- the water H4325 (מַיִם) — water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
8 The high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be destroyed: the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains, Cover us; and to the hills, Fall on us.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- The high places H1116 (בָּמָה) — an elevation
- also of Aven H206 (אָוֶן) — Aven, the contemptuous synonym of three places, one in Coele-Syria, one in Egypt (On), and one in Palestine (Bethel)
- the sin H2403 (חַטָּאָה) — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender
- of Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- shall be destroyed H8045 (שָׁמַד) — to desolate
- the thorn H6975 (קוֹץ) — a thorn
- and the thistle H1863 (דַּרְדַּר) — a thorn
- shall come up H5927 (עָלָה) — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
- on their altars H4196 (מִזְבֵּחַ) — an altar
- and they shall say H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- to the mountains H2022 (הַר) — a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
- Cover H3680 (כָּסָה) — properly, to plump, i.e. fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)
- us; and to the hills H1389 (גִּבְעָה) — a hillock
- Fall H5307 (נָפַל) — to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
9 O Israel, thou hast sinned from the days of Gibeah: there they stood; the battle against the children of iniquity doth not overtake them in Gibeah.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- O Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- thou hast sinned H2398 (חָטָא) — properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate, repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn
- from the days H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
- of Gibeah H1390 (גִּבְעָה) — Gibah; the name of three places in Palestine
- there they stood H5975 (עָמַד) — to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
- the battle H4421 (מִלְחָמָה) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. war-fare)
- in Gibeah H1390 (גִּבְעָה) — Gibah; the name of three places in Palestine
- against the children H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
- of iniquity H5932 (עַלְוָה) — moral perverseness
- did not overtake H5381 (נָשַׂג) — to reach (literally or figuratively)
10 When it is my desire, I will chastise them; and the peoples shall be gathered against them, when they are bound to their two transgressions.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- in my desire H185 (אַוָּה) — longing
- that I should chastise H3256 (יָסַר) — to chastise, literally (with blows) or figuratively (with words); hence, to instruct
- them; and the people H5971 (עַם) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
- shall be gathered H622 (אָסַף) — to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
- against them, when they shall bind H631 (אָסַר) — to yoke or hitch; by analogy, to fasten in any sense, to join battle
- themselves in their two H8147 (שְׁנַיִם) — two; also (as ordinal) twofold
- furrows H5869 (עַיִן) — an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
11 And Ephraim is a heifer that is taught, that loveth to tread out the grain; but I have passed over upon her fair neck: I will set a rider on Ephraim; Judah shall plow, Jacob shall break his clods.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And Ephraim H669 (אֶפְרַיִם) — Ephrajim, a son of Joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
- an heifer H5697 (עֶגְלָה) — a (female) calf, especially one nearly grown (i.e. a heifer)
- taught H3925 (לָמַד) — properly, to goad, i.e. (by implication) to teach (the rod being an Oriental incentive)
- loveth H157 (אָהַב) — to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)
- to tread out H1758 (דּוּשׁ) — to trample or thresh
- but I passed over H5674 (עָבַר) — to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation…
- upon her fair H2898 (טוּב) — good (as a noun), in the widest sense, especially goodness (superlative concretely, the best), beauty, gladness, welfare
- neck H6677 (צַוָּאר) — the back of the neck (as that on which burdens are bound)
- I will make Ephraim H669 (אֶפְרַיִם) — Ephrajim, a son of Joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
- to ride H7392 (רָכַב) — to ride (on an animal or in a vehicle); causatively, to place upon (for riding or generally), to despatch
- Judah H3063 (יְהוּדָה) — Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
- shall plow H2790 (חָרַשׁ) — to scratch, i.e. (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad sense); he…
- Jacob H3290 (יַעֲקֹב) — Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch
- shall break his clods H7702 (שָׂדַד) — to abrade, i.e. harrow a field
12 Sow to yourselves in righteousness, reap according to kindness; break up your fallow ground; for it is time to seek Jehovah, till he come and rain righteousness upon you.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Sow H2232 (זָרַע) — to sow; figuratively, to disseminate, plant, fructify
- to yourselves in righteousness H6666 (צְדָקָה) — rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude), objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively (prosperity)
- reap H7114 (קָצַר) — to dock off, i.e. curtail (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest (grass or grain)
- in H6310 (פֶּה) — the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition) acc…
- mercy H2617 (חֶסֶד) — kindness; by implication (towards God) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty
- break up H5214 (נִיר) — to till the soil
- your fallow ground H5215 (נִיר) — properly, plowing, i.e. (concretely) freshly plowed land
- time H6256 (עֵת) — time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
- to seek H1875 (דָּרַשׁ) — properly, to tread or frequent; usually to follow (for pursuit or search); by implication, to seek or ask; specifically to worship
- Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- till he come H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
- and rain H3384 (יָרָה) — properly, to flow as water (i.e. to rain); transitively, to lay or throw (especially an arrow, i.e. to shoot); figuratively, to point out (as if by aiming the f…
- righteousness H6664 (צֶדֶק) — the right (natural, moral or legal); also (abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity
13 Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies; for thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Ye have plowed H2790 (חָרַשׁ) — to scratch, i.e. (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad sense); he…
- wickedness H7562 (רֶשַׁע) — a wrong (especially moral)
- ye have reaped H7114 (קָצַר) — to dock off, i.e. curtail (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest (grass or grain)
- iniquity H5766 (עֶוֶל) — (moral) evil
- ye have eaten H398 (אָכַל) — to eat (literally or figuratively)
- the fruit H6529 (פְּרִי) — fruit (literally or figuratively)
- of lies H3585 (כַּחַשׁ) — literally a failure of flesh, i.e. emaciation; figuratively, hypocrisy
- because thou didst trust H982 (בָּטַח) — properly, to hie for refuge (but not so precipitately as 2620); figuratively, to trust, be confident or sure
- in thy way H1870 (דֶּרֶךְ) — a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
- in the multitude H7230 (רֹב) — abundance (in any respect)
- of thy mighty men H1368 (גִּבּוֹר) — powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant
14 Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy people, and all thy fortresses shall be destroyed, as Shalman destroyed Beth-arbel in the day of battle: the mother was dashed in pieces with her children.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Therefore shall a tumult H7588 (שָׁאוֹן) — uproar (as of rushing); by implication, destruction
- arise H6965 (קוּם) — to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
- among thy people H5971 (עַם) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
- and all thy fortresses H4013 (מִבְצָר) — a fortification, castle, or fortified city; figuratively, a defender
- shall be spoiled H7703 (שָׁדַד) — properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage
- as Shalman H8020 (שַׁלְמַן) — Shalman, a king apparently of Assyria
- spoiled H7701 (שֹׁד) — violence, ravage
- Beth–arbel H1009 (בֵּית אַרְבֵּאל) — Beth-Arbel, a place in Palestine
- in the day H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
- of battle H4421 (מִלְחָמָה) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. war-fare)
- the mother H517 (אֵם) — a mother (as the bond of the family); in a wide sense (both literally and figuratively [like father])
- was dashed in pieces H7376 (רָטַשׁ) — to dash down
- children H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
15 So shall Beth-el do unto you because of your great wickedness: at daybreak shall the king of Israel be utterly cut off.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- So H3602 (כָּכָה) — just so, referring to the previous or following context
- shall Beth–el H1008 (בֵּית־אֵל) — Beth-El, a place in Palestine
- do H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
- unto you because H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
- of your great H7451 (רַע) — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
- wickedness H7451 (רַע) — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
- in a morning H7837 (שַׁחַר) — dawn (literal, figurative or adverbial)
- shall the king H4428 (מֶלֶךְ) — a king
- of Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- utterly H1820 (דָּמָה) — to be dumb or silent; hence, to fail or perish; trans. to destroy
- be cut off H1820 (דָּמָה) — to be dumb or silent; hence, to fail or perish; trans. to destroy