1 The burden of Damascus. Behold, Damascus is taken away from being a city, and it shall be a ruinous heap.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- The burden H4853 (מַשָּׂא) — a burden; specifically, tribute, or (abstractly) porterage; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly a doom, especially singing; mental, desire
- of Damascus H1834 (דַּמֶּשֶׂק) — Damascus, a city of Syria
- Behold, Damascus H1834 (דַּמֶּשֶׂק) — Damascus, a city of Syria
- is taken away H5493 (סוּר) — to turn off (literally or figuratively)
- a city H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
- and it shall be a ruinous H4654 (מַפָּלָה) — something fallen, i.e. a ruin
- heap H4596 (מְעִי) — a pile of rubbish (as contorted), i.e. a ruin
2 The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- The cities H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
- of Aroer H6177 (עֲרוֹעֵר) — Aroër, the name of three places in or near Palestine
- forsaken H5800 (עָזַב) — to loosen, i.e. relinquish, permit, etc.
- they shall be for flocks H5739 (עֵדֶר) — an arrangement, i.e. muster (of animals)
- which shall lie down H7257 (רָבַץ) — to crouch (on all four legs folded, like a recumbent animal); by implication, to recline, repose, brood, lurk, imbed
- afraid H2729 (חָרַד) — to shudder with terror; hence, to fear; also to hasten (with anxiety)
3 And the fortress shall cease from Ephraim, and the kingdom from Damascus, and the remnant of Syria; they shall be as the glory of the children of Israel, saith Jehovah of hosts.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- The fortress H4013 (מִבְצָר) — a fortification, castle, or fortified city; figuratively, a defender
- also shall cease H7673 (שָׁבַת) — to repose, i.e. desist from exertion; used in many implied relations (causative, figurative or specific)
- from Ephraim H669 (אֶפְרַיִם) — Ephrajim, a son of Joseph; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
- and the kingdom H4467 (מַמְלָכָה) — dominion, i.e. (abstractly) the estate (rule) or (concretely) the country (realm)
- from Damascus H1834 (דַּמֶּשֶׂק) — Damascus, a city of Syria
- and the remnant H7605 (שְׁאָר) — a remainder
- of Syria H758 (אֲרָם) — Aram or Syria, and its inhabitants; also the name of the son of Shem, a grandson of Nahor, and of an Israelite
- they shall be as the glory H3519 (כָּבוֹד) — properly, weight, but only figuratively in a good sense, splendor or copiousness
- of the children H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
- of Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- saith H5002 (נְאֻם) — an oracle
- Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- of Armies H6635 (צָבָא) — a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, h…
4 And it shall come to pass in that day, that the glory of Jacob shall be made thin, and the fatness of his flesh shall wax lean.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And in that day H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
- the glory H3519 (כָּבוֹד) — properly, weight, but only figuratively in a good sense, splendor or copiousness
- of Jacob H3290 (יַעֲקֹב) — Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch
- shall be made thin H1809 (דָּלַל) — to slacken or be feeble; figuratively, to be oppressed
- and the fatness H4924 (מַשְׁמָן) — fat, i.e. (literally and abstractly) fatness; but usually (figuratively and concretely) a rich dish, a fertile field, a robust man
- of his flesh H1320 (בָּשָׂר) — flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of a man
- shall wax lean H7329 (רָזָה) — to emaciate, i.e. make (become) thin (literally or figuratively)
5 And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the standing grain, and his arm reapeth the ears; yea, it shall be as when one gleaneth ears in the valley of Rephaim.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And it shall be as when the harvestman H7105 (קָצִיר) — severed, i.e. harvest (as reaped), the crop, the time, the reaper, or figuratively; also a limb (of a tree, or simply foliage)
- gathereth H622 (אָסַף) — to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
- the grain H7054 (קָמָה) — something that rises, i.e. a stalk of grain
- and reapeth H7114 (קָצַר) — to dock off, i.e. curtail (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest (grass or grain)
- the heads H7641 (שִׁבֹּל) — a stream (as flowing); also an ear of grain (as growing out); by analogy, a branch
- with his arm H2220 (זְרוֹעַ) — the arm (as stretched out), or (of animals) the foreleg; figuratively, force
- and it shall be as he that gathereth H3950 (לָקַט) — properly, to pick up, i.e. (generally) to gather; specifically, to glean
- heads H7641 (שִׁבֹּל) — a stream (as flowing); also an ear of grain (as growing out); by analogy, a branch
- in the valley H6010 (עֵמֶק) — a vale (i.e. broad depression)
- of Rephaim H7497 (רָפָא) — a giant
6 Yet there shall be left therein gleanings, as the shaking of an olive-tree, two or three berries in the top of the uppermost bough, four or five in the outmost branches of a fruitful tree, saith Jehovah, the God of Israel.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Yet gleaning grapes H5955 (עֹלֵלָה) — only in plural gleanings; by extension gleaning-time
- shall be left H7604 (שָׁאַר) — properly, to swell up, i.e. be (causatively, make) redundant
- in it, as the shaking H5363 (נֹקֶף) — a threshing (of olives)
- of an olive tree H2132 (זַיִת) — an olive (as yielding illuminating oil), the tree, the branch or the berry
- two H8147 (שְׁנַיִם) — two; also (as ordinal) twofold
- three H7969 (שָׁלוֹשׁ) — three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
- berries H1620 (גַּרְגַּר) — a berry (as if a pellet of rumination)
- in the top H7218 (רֹאשׁ) — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
- of the uppermost bough H534 (אָמִיר) — a summit (of a tree or mountain)
- four H702 (אַרְבַּע) — four
- five H2568 (חָמֵשׁ) — five
- in the outmost fruitful H6509 (פָּרָה) — to bear fruit (literally or figuratively)
- branches H5585 (סָעִיף) — a fissure (of rocks); also a bough (as subdivided)
- thereof, saith H5002 (נְאֻם) — an oracle
- Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- God H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
- of Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
7 In that day shall men look unto their Maker, and their eyes shall have respect to the Holy One of Israel.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- At that day H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
- shall a man H120 (אָדָם) — ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
- look H8159 (שָׁעָה) — to gaze at or about (properly, for help); by implication, to inspect, consider, compassionate, be nonplussed (as looking around in amazement) or bewildered
- to his Maker H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
- and his eyes H5869 (עַיִן) — an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
- shall have respect H7200 (רָאָה) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
- to the Holy H6918 (קָדוֹשׁ) — sacred (ceremonially or morally); (as noun) God (by eminence), an angel, a saint, a sanctuary
- One of Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
8 And they shall not look to the altars, the work of their hands; neither shall they have respect to that which their fingers have made, either the Asherim, or the sun-images.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And he shall not look H8159 (שָׁעָה) — to gaze at or about (properly, for help); by implication, to inspect, consider, compassionate, be nonplussed (as looking around in amazement) or bewildered
- to the altars H4196 (מִזְבֵּחַ) — an altar
- the work H4639 (מַעֲשֶׂה) — an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property
- of his hands H3027 (יָד) — a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from 3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of a…
- neither shall respect H7200 (רָאָה) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
- which his fingers H676 (אֶצְבַּע) — something to sieze with, i.e. a finger; by analogy, a toe
- have made H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
- either the groves H842 (אֲשֵׁרָה) — Asherah (or Astarte) a Phoenician goddess; also an image of the same
- or the images H2553 (חַמָּן) — a sun-pillar
9 In that day shall their strong cities be as the forsaken places in the wood and on the mountain top, which were forsaken from before the children of Israel; and it shall be a desolation.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- In that day H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
- shall his strong H4581 (מָעוֹז) — a fortified place; figuratively, a defence
- cities H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
- be as a forsaken H5800 (עָזַב) — to loosen, i.e. relinquish, permit, etc.
- bough H2793 (חֹרֶשׁ) — a forest (perhaps as furnishing the material for fabric)
- and an uppermost branch H534 (אָמִיר) — a summit (of a tree or mountain)
- which they left H5800 (עָזַב) — to loosen, i.e. relinquish, permit, etc.
- because H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
- of the children H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
- of Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- and there shall be desolation H8077 (שְׁמָמָה) — devastation; figuratively, astonishment
10 For thou hast forgotten the God of thy salvation, and hast not been mindful of the rock of thy strength; therefore thou plantest pleasant plants, and settest it with strange slips.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Because thou hast forgotten H7911 (שָׁכַח) — to mislay, i.e. to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention
- the God H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
- of thy salvation H3468 (יֶשַׁע) — liberty, deliverance, prosperity
- and hast not been mindful H2142 (זָכַר) — properly, to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e. to remember; by implication, to mention; to be male
- of the rock H6697 (צוּר) — properly, a cliff (or sharp rock, as compressed); generally, a rock or boulder; figuratively, a refuge; also an edge (as precipitous)
- of thy strength H4581 (מָעוֹז) — a fortified place; figuratively, a defence
- therefore shalt thou plant H5193 (נָטַע) — properly, to strike in, i.e. fix; specifically, to plant (literally or figuratively)
- pleasant H5282 (נַעֲמָן) — pleasantness (plural as concrete)
- plants H5194 (נֶטַע) — a plant; collectively, a plantation; abstractly, a planting
- and shalt set H2232 (זָרַע) — to sow; figuratively, to disseminate, plant, fructify
- it with strange H2114 (זוּר) — to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery
- slips H2156 (זְמוֹרָה) — a twig (as pruned)
11 In the day of thy planting thou hedgest it in, and in the morning thou makest thy seed to blossom; but the harvest fleeth away in the day of grief and of desperate sorrow.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- In the day H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
- shalt thou make thy plant H5194 (נֶטַע) — a plant; collectively, a plantation; abstractly, a planting
- to grow H7735 (שׂוּג) — to hedge in
- and in the morning H1242 (בֹּקֶר) — properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally, morning
- shalt thou make thy seed H2233 (זֶרַע) — seed; figuratively, fruit, plant, sowing-time, posterity
- to flourish H6524 (פָּרַח) — to break forth as a bud, i.e. bloom; generally, to spread; specifically, to fly (as extending the wings); figuratively, to flourish
- the harvest H7105 (קָצִיר) — severed, i.e. harvest (as reaped), the crop, the time, the reaper, or figuratively; also a limb (of a tree, or simply foliage)
- a heap H5067 (נֵד) — a mound, i.e. wave
- of grief H2470 (חָלָה) — properly, to be rubbed or worn; hence (figuratively) to be weak, sick, afflicted; or (causatively) to grieve, make sick; also to stroke (in flattering), entreat
- and of desperate H605 (אָנַשׁ) — to be frail, feeble, or (figuratively) melancholy
- sorrow H3511 (כְּאֵב) — suffering (physical or mental), adversity
12 Ah, the uproar of many peoples, that roar like the roaring of the seas; and the rushing of nations, that rush like the rushing of mighty waters!Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Woe H1945 (הוֹי) — oh!
- to the multitude H1995 (הָמוֹן) — a noise, tumult, crowd; also disquietude, wealth
- of many H7227 (רַב) — abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
- people H5971 (עַם) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
- make a noise H1993 (הָמָה) — to make a loud sound (like English 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor
- like the noise H1993 (הָמָה) — to make a loud sound (like English 'hum'); by implication, to be in great commotion or tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor
- of the seas H3220 (יָם) — a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin…
- and to the rushing H7588 (שָׁאוֹן) — uproar (as of rushing); by implication, destruction
- of nations H3816 (לְאֹם) — a community
- make a rushing like the rushing H7582 (שָׁאָה) — to rush; by implication, to desolate
- of mighty H3524 (כַּבִּיר) — vast, whether in extent (figuratively, of power, mighty; of time, aged), or in number, many
- waters H4325 (מַיִם) — water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
13 The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters: but he shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like the whirling dust before the storm.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- The nations H3816 (לְאֹם) — a community
- shall rush H7582 (שָׁאָה) — to rush; by implication, to desolate
- like the rushing H7588 (שָׁאוֹן) — uproar (as of rushing); by implication, destruction
- of many H7227 (רַב) — abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
- waters H4325 (מַיִם) — water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
- shall rebuke H1605 (גָּעַר) — to chide
- them, and they shall flee H5127 (נוּס) — to flit, i.e. vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)
- far off H4801 (מֶרְחָק) — remoteness, i.e. (concretely) a distant place; often (adverbially) from afar
- and shall be chased H7291 (רָדַף) — to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively [of time] gone by)
- as the chaff H4671 (מֹץ) — chaff (as pressed out, i.e. winnowed or (rather) threshed loose)
- of the mountains H2022 (הַר) — a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)
- before H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
- the wind H7307 (רוּחַ) — wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by re…
- and like a rolling thing H1534 (גַּלְגַּל) — a wheel; by analogy, a whirlwind; also dust (as whirled)
- the whirlwind H5492 (סוּפָה) — a hurricane
14 At eventide, behold, terror; and before the morning they are not. This is the portion of them that despoil us, and the lot of them that rob us.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And behold at eveningtide H6153 (עֶרֶב) — dusk
- And behold at eveningtide H6256 (עֵת) — time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
- trouble H1091 (בַּלָּהָה) — alarm; hence, destruction
- before the morning H1242 (בֹּקֶר) — properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally, morning
- the portion H2506 (חֵלֶק) — properly, smoothness (of the tongue); also an allotment
- of them that spoil H8154 (שָׁסָה) — to plunder
- us, and the lot H1486 (גּוֹרָל) — properly, a pebble, i.e. a lot (small stones being used for that purpose); figuratively, a portion or destiny (as if determined by lot)
- of them that rob H962 (בָּזַז) — to plunder