1 The burden of the wilderness of the sea. As whirlwinds in the South sweep through, it cometh from the wilderness, from a terrible land.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- The burden H4853 (מַשָּׂא) — a burden; specifically, tribute, or (abstractly) porterage; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly a doom, especially singing; mental, desire
- of the desert H4057 (מִדְבָּר) — a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs)
- of the sea H3220 (יָם) — a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or an artifical basin…
- As whirlwinds H5492 (סוּפָה) — a hurricane
- in the south H5045 (נֶגֶב) — the south (from its drought); specifically, the Negeb or southern district of Judah, occasionally, Egypt (as south to Palestine)
- pass H2498 (חָלַף) — properly, to slide by, i.e. (by implication) to hasten away, pass on, spring up, pierce or change
- it cometh H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
- from the desert H4057 (מִדְבָּר) — a pasture (i.e. open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert; also speech (including its organs)
- from a terrible H3372 (יָרֵא) — to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten
- land H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
2 A grievous vision is declared unto me; the treacherous man dealeth treacherously, and the destroyer destroyeth. Go up, O Elam; besiege, O Media; all the sighing thereof have I made to cease.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- A grievous H7186 (קָשֶׁה) — severe (in various applications)
- vision H2380 (חָזוּת) — a look; hence (figuratively) striking appearance, revelation, or (by implication) compact
- is declared H5046 (נָגַד) — properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present…
- unto me; the treacherous dealer H898 (בָּגַד) — to cover (with a garment); figuratively, to act covertly; by implication, to pillage
- dealeth treacherously H898 (בָּגַד) — to cover (with a garment); figuratively, to act covertly; by implication, to pillage
- and the spoiler H7703 (שָׁדַד) — properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage
- spoileth H7703 (שָׁדַד) — properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage
- Go up H5927 (עָלָה) — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
- O Elam H5867 (עֵילָם) — Elam, a son of Shem and his descendants, with their country; also of six Israelites
- besiege H6696 (צוּר) — to cramp, i.e. confine (in many applications, literally and figuratively, formative or hostile)
- O Media H4074 (מָדַי) — Madai, a country of central Asia
- all the sighing H585 (אֲנָחָה) — sighing
- thereof have I made to cease H7673 (שָׁבַת) — to repose, i.e. desist from exertion; used in many implied relations (causative, figurative or specific)
3 Therefore are my loins filled with anguish; pangs have taken hold upon me, as the pangs of a woman in travail: I am pained so that I cannot hear; I am dismayed so that I cannot see.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Therefore are my loins H4975 (מֹתֶן) — properly, the waist or small of the back; only in plural the loins
- filled H4390 (מָלֵא) — to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)
- with pain H2479 (חַלְחָלָה) — writhing (in childbirth); by implication, terror
- pangs H6735 (צִיר) — a hinge (as pressed in turning); also a throe (as a phys. or mental pressure); also a herald or errand-doer (as constrained by the principal)
- have taken hold H270 (אָחַז) — to seize (often with the accessory idea of holding in possession)
- upon me, as the pangs H6735 (צִיר) — a hinge (as pressed in turning); also a throe (as a phys. or mental pressure); also a herald or errand-doer (as constrained by the principal)
- of a woman that travaileth H3205 (יָלַד) — to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
- I was bowed down H5753 (עָוָה) — to crook, literally or figuratively
- at the hearing H8085 (שָׁמַע) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
- I was dismayed H926 (בָּהַל) — to tremble inwardly (or palpitate), i.e. (figuratively) be (causative, make) (suddenly) alarmed or agitated; by implication to hasten anxiously
- at the seeing H7200 (רָאָה) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
4 My heart fluttereth, horror hath affrighted me; the twilight that I desired hath been turned into trembling unto me.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- My heart H3824 (לֵבָב) — the heart (as the most interior organ);
- panted H8582 (תָּעָה) — to vacillate, i.e. reel or stray (literally or figuratively); also causative of both
- fearfulness H6427 (פַּלָּצוּת) — affright
- affrighted H1204 (בָּעַת) — to fear
- me: the night H5399 (נֶשֶׁף) — properly, a breeze, i.e. (by implication) dusk (when the evening breeze prevails)
- of my pleasure H2837 (חֵשֶׁק) — delight
- hath he turned H7760 (שׂוּם) — to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
- into fear H2731 (חֲרָדָה) — fear, anxiety
5 They prepare the table, they set the watch, they eat, they drink: rise up, ye princes, anoint the shield.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Prepare H6186 (עָרַךְ) — to set in a row, i.e. arrange, put in order (in a very wide variety of applications)
- the table H7979 (שֻׁלְחָן) — a table (as spread out); by implication, a meal
- watch H6822 (צָפָה) — properly, to lean forward, i.e. to peer into the distance; by implication, to observe, await
- in the watchtower H6844 (צָפִית) — a sentry
- eat H398 (אָכַל) — to eat (literally or figuratively)
- drink H8354 (שָׁתָה) — to imbibe (literally or figuratively)
- arise H6965 (קוּם) — to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
- ye princes H8269 (שַׂר) — a head person (of any rank or class)
- anoint H4886 (מָשַׁח) — to rub with oil, i.e. to anoint; by implication, to consecrate; also to paint
- the shield H4043 (מָגֵן) — a shield (i.e. the small one or buckler); figuratively, a protector; also the scaly hide of the crocodile
6 For thus hath the Lord said unto me, Go, set a watchman; let him declare what he seeth:Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- For thus hath the Lord H136 (אֲדֹנָי) — the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
- said H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- unto me, Go H3212 (יָלַךְ) — to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses)
- set H5975 (עָמַד) — to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
- a watchman H6822 (צָפָה) — properly, to lean forward, i.e. to peer into the distance; by implication, to observe, await
- let him declare H5046 (נָגַד) — properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present…
- what he seeth H7200 (רָאָה) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
7 and when he seeth a troop, horsemen in pairs, a troop of asses, a troop of camels, he shall hearken diligently with much heed.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And he saw H7200 (רָאָה) — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)
- a chariot H7393 (רֶכֶב) — a vehicle; by implication, a team; by extension, cavalry; by analogy a rider, i.e. the upper millstone
- a couple H6776 (צֶמֶד) — a yoke or team (i.e. pair); hence, an acre (i.e. day's task for a yoke of cattle to plough)
- of horsemen H6571 (פָּרָשׁ) — a steed (as stretched out to a vehicle, not single nor for mounting ); also (by implication) a driver (in a chariot), i.e. (collectively) cavalry
- of donkeys H2543 (חֲמוֹר) — a male ass (from its dun red)
- of camels H1581 (גָּמָל) — a camel
- and he hearkened H7181 (קָשַׁב) — to prick up the ears, i.e. hearken
- diligently H7182 (קֶשֶׁב) — a hearkening
- with much H7227 (רַב) — abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)
- heed H7182 (קֶשֶׁב) — a hearkening
8 And he cried as a lion: O Lord, I stand continually upon the watch-tower in the day-time, and am set in my ward whole nights;Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And he cried H7121 (קָרָא) — to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
- A lion H738 (אֲרִי) — a lion
- My lord H136 (אֲדֹנָי) — the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
- I stand H5975 (עָמַד) — to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
- continually H8548 (תָּמִיד) — properly, continuance (as indefinite extension); but used only (attributively as adjective) constant (or adverbially, constantly); elliptically the regular (dai…
- upon the watchtower H4707 (מִצְפֶּה) — an observatory, especially for military purposes
- in the daytime H3119 (יוֹמָם) — daily
- and I am set H5324 (נָצַב) — to station, in various applications (literally or figuratively)
- in my ward H4931 (מִשְׁמֶרֶת) — watch, i.e. the act (custody), or (concretely) the sentry, the post; objectively preservation, or (concretely) safe; figuratively observance, i.e. (abstractly)…
- whole nights H3915 (לַיִל) — properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e. night; figuratively, adversity
9 and, behold, here cometh a troop of men, horsemen in pairs. And he answered and said, Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the graven images of her gods are broken unto the ground.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And, behold, here cometh H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
- a chariot H7393 (רֶכֶב) — a vehicle; by implication, a team; by extension, cavalry; by analogy a rider, i.e. the upper millstone
- of men H376 (אִישׁ) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
- a couple H6776 (צֶמֶד) — a yoke or team (i.e. pair); hence, an acre (i.e. day's task for a yoke of cattle to plough)
- of horsemen H6571 (פָּרָשׁ) — a steed (as stretched out to a vehicle, not single nor for mounting ); also (by implication) a driver (in a chariot), i.e. (collectively) cavalry
- And he answered H6030 (עָנָה) — properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify, a…
- and said H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- Babylon H894 (בָּבֶל) — Babel (i.e. Babylon), including Babylonia and the Babylonian empire
- is fallen H5307 (נָפַל) — to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
- and all the graven images H6456 (פְּסִיל) — an idol
- of her gods H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
- he hath broken H7665 (שָׁבַר) — to burst (literally or figuratively)
- unto the ground H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
10 O thou my threshing, and the grain of my floor! that which I have heard from Jehovah of hosts, the God of Israel, have I declared unto you.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- O my threshing H4098 (מְדֻשָּׁה) — a threshing, i.e. (concretely and figuratively) down-trodden people
- and the grain H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
- of my floor H1637 (גֹּרֶן) — a threshing-floor (as made even); by analogy, any open area
- that which I have heard H8085 (שָׁמַע) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
- of Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- of Armies H6635 (צָבָא) — a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, h…
- the God H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
- of Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- have I declared H5046 (נָגַד) — properly, to front, i.e. stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to one present…
11 The burden of Dumah. One calleth unto me out of Seir, Watchman, what of the night? Watchman, what of the night?Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- The burden H4853 (מַשָּׂא) — a burden; specifically, tribute, or (abstractly) porterage; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly a doom, especially singing; mental, desire
- of Dumah H1746 (דּוּמָה) — Dumah, a tribe and region of Arabia
- He calleth H7121 (קָרָא) — to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
- to me out of Seir H8165 (שֵׂעִיר) — Seir, a mountain of Idumaea and its aboriginal occupants, also one in Palestine
- Watchman H8104 (שָׁמַר) — properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc.
- what of the night H3915 (לַיִל) — properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e. night; figuratively, adversity
12 The watchman said, The morning cometh, and also the night: if ye will inquire, inquire ye: turn ye, come.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- The watchman H8104 (שָׁמַר) — properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc.
- said H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- The morning H1242 (בֹּקֶר) — properly, dawn (as the break of day); generally, morning
- cometh H857 (אָתָה) — to arrive
- and also the night H3915 (לַיִל) — properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e. night; figuratively, adversity
- if ye will enquire H1158 (בָּעָה) — to gush over, i.e. to swell; (figuratively) to desire earnestly; by implication to ask
- enquire H1158 (בָּעָה) — to gush over, i.e. to swell; (figuratively) to desire earnestly; by implication to ask
- ye: return H7725 (שׁוּב) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally…
- come H857 (אָתָה) — to arrive
13 The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye caravans of Dedanites.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- The burden H4853 (מַשָּׂא) — a burden; specifically, tribute, or (abstractly) porterage; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly a doom, especially singing; mental, desire
- upon Arabia H6152 (עֲרָב) — Arab (i.e. Arabia), a country East of Palestine
- In the forest H3293 (יַעַר) — a copse of bushes; hence, a forest; hence, honey in the comb (as hived in trees)
- in Arabia H6152 (עֲרָב) — Arab (i.e. Arabia), a country East of Palestine
- shall ye lodge H3885 (לוּן) — to stop (usually over night); by implication, to stay permanently; hence (in a bad sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to complain)
- O ye travelling companies H736 (אֹרְחָה) — a caravan
- of Dedanim H1720 (דְּדָנִים) — Dedanites, the descendants or inhabitants of Dedan
14 Unto him that was thirsty they brought water; the inhabitants of the land of Tema did meet the fugitives with their bread.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- The inhabitants H3427 (יָשַׁב) — properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
- of the land H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
- of Tema H8485 (תֵּימָא) — Tema, a son of Ishmael, and the region settled by him
- brought H857 (אָתָה) — to arrive
- water H4325 (מַיִם) — water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
- to him H7125 (קִרְאָה) — an encountering, accidental, friendly or hostile (also adverbially, opposite)
- that was thirsty H6771 (צָמֵא) — thirsty (literally or figuratively)
- they did meet H6923 (קָדַם) — to project (one self), i.e. precede; hence, to anticipate, hasten, meet (usually for help)
- with their bread H3899 (לֶחֶם) — food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
- him that fled H5074 (נָדַד) — properly, to wave to and fro (rarely to flap up and down); figuratively, to rove, flee, or (causatively) to drive away
15 For they fled away from the swords, from the drawn sword, and from the bent bow, and from the grievousness of war.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- For they fled H5074 (נָדַד) — properly, to wave to and fro (rarely to flap up and down); figuratively, to rove, flee, or (causatively) to drive away
- from H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
- the swords H2719 (חֶרֶב) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
- the drawn H5203 (נָטַשׁ) — properly, to pound, i.e. smite; by implication (as if beating out, and thus expanding) to disperse; also, to thrust off, down, out or upon (inclusively, reject,…
- sword H2719 (חֶרֶב) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
- and from H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
- the bent H1869 (דָּרַךְ) — to tread; by implication, to walk; also to string a bow (by treading on it in bending)
- bow H7198 (קֶשֶׁת) — a bow, for shooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris
- the grievousness H3514 (כֹּבֶד) — weight, multitude, vehemence
- of war H4421 (מִלְחָמָה) — a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. war-fare)
16 For thus hath the Lord said unto me, Within a year, according to the years of a hireling, all the glory of Kedar shall fail;Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- For thus hath the Lord H136 (אֲדֹנָי) — the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
- said H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- unto me, Within a year H8141 (שָׁנֶה) — a year (as a revolution of time)
- according to the years H8141 (שָׁנֶה) — a year (as a revolution of time)
- of an hireling H7916 (שָׂכִיר) — a man at wages by the day or year
- and all the glory H3519 (כָּבוֹד) — properly, weight, but only figuratively in a good sense, splendor or copiousness
- of Kedar H6938 (קֵדָר) — Kedar, a son of Ishmael; also (collectively) Bedouin (as his descendants or representatives)
- shall fail H3615 (כָּלָה) — to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume)
17 and the residue of the number of the archers, the mighty men of the children of Kedar, shall be few; for Jehovah, the God of Israel, hath spoken it.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And the residue H7605 (שְׁאָר) — a remainder
- of the number H4557 (מִסְפָּר) — a number, definite (arithmetical) or indefinite (large, innumerable; small, a few); also (abstractly) narration
- of archers H7198 (קֶשֶׁת) — a bow, for shooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris
- the mighty men H1368 (גִּבּוֹר) — powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant
- of the children H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
- of Kedar H6938 (קֵדָר) — Kedar, a son of Ishmael; also (collectively) Bedouin (as his descendants or representatives)
- shall be diminished H4591 (מָעַט) — properly, to pare off, i.e. lessen; intransitively, to be (or causatively, to make) small or few (or figuratively, ineffective)
- for Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- God H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
- of Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- hath spoken H1696 (דָבַר) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue