Read the Bible — American Standard Version · Psalms

Psalms 44

1 For the Chief Musician. A Psalm of the sons of Korah. Maschil. We have heard with our ears, O God, Our fathers have told us, What work thou didst in their days, In the days of old.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • To the chief Musician H5329 (נָצַח) — properly, to glitter from afar, i.e. to be eminent (as a superintendent, especially of the Temple services and its music); to be permanent
  • for the sons H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
  • of Korah H7141 (קֹרַח) — Korach, the name of two Edomites and three Israelites
  • Maschil H4905 (מַשְׂכִּיל) — instructive, i.e. a didactic poem
  • We have heard H8085 (שָׁמַע) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
  • with our ears H241 (אֹזֶן) — broadness. i.e. (concrete) the ear (from its form in man)
  • O God H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
  • our fathers H1 (אָב) — father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
  • have told H5608 (סָפַר) — properly, to score with a mark as a tally or record, i.e. (by implication) to inscribe, and also to enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e. celebrate
  • work H6467 (פֹּעַל) — an act or work (concretely)
  • thou didst H6466 (פָּעַל) — to do or make (systematically and habitually), especially to practise
  • in their days H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
  • in the times H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
  • of old H6924 (קֶדֶם) — the front, of place (absolutely, the fore part, relatively the East) or time (antiquity); often used adverbially (before, anciently, eastward)

2 Thou didst drive out the nations with thy hand; But them thou didst plant: Thou didst afflict the peoples; But them thou didst spread abroad.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • thou didst drive out H3423 (יָרַשׁ) — to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish, to ruin
  • the heathen H1471 (גּוֹי) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
  • with thy hand H3027 (יָד) — a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from 3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of a…
  • and plantedst H5193 (נָטַע) — properly, to strike in, i.e. fix; specifically, to plant (literally or figuratively)
  • thou didst afflict H7489 (רָעַע) — properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing, i.e. bad (physically, socially or morally)
  • the people H3816 (לְאֹם) — a community
  • and cast them out H7971 (שָׁלַח) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

3 For they gat not the land in possession by their own sword, Neither did their own arm save them; But thy right hand, and thine arm, and the light of thy countenance, Because thou wast favorable unto them.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • For they got H3423 (יָרַשׁ) — to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish, to ruin
  • not the land H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
  • in possession H3423 (יָרַשׁ) — to occupy (by driving out previous tenants, and possessing in their place); by implication, to seize, to rob, to inherit; also to expel, to impoverish, to ruin
  • by their own sword H2719 (חֶרֶב) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
  • neither did their own arm H2220 (זְרוֹעַ) — the arm (as stretched out), or (of animals) the foreleg; figuratively, force
  • save H3467 (יָשַׁע) — properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e. (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor
  • them: but thy right hand H3225 (יָמִין) — the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or other object (as the stronger and more dexterous); locally, the south
  • and thine arm H2220 (זְרוֹעַ) — the arm (as stretched out), or (of animals) the foreleg; figuratively, force
  • and the light H216 (אוֹר) — illumination or (concrete) luminary (in every sense, including lightning, happiness, etc.)
  • of thy countenance H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
  • because thou hadst a favour H7521 (רָצָה) — to be pleased with; specifically, to satisfy a debt

4 Thou art my King, O God: Command deliverance for Jacob.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Thou art my King H4428 (מֶלֶךְ) — a king
  • O God H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
  • command H6680 (צָוָה) — (intensively) to constitute, enjoin
  • deliverances H3444 (יְשׁוּעָה) — something saved, i.e. (abstractly) deliverance; hence, aid, victory, prosperity
  • for Jacob H3290 (יַעֲקֹב) — Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarch

5 Through thee will we push down our adversaries: Through thy name will we tread them under that rise up against us.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Through thee will we push down H5055 (נָגַח) — to butt with the horns; figuratively, to war against
  • our enemies H6862 (צַר) — narrow; (as a noun) a tight place (usually figuratively, i.e. trouble); also a pebble (as in 6864); (transitive) an opponent (as crowding)
  • through thy name H8034 (שֵׁם) — an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
  • will we tread them under H947 (בּוּס) — to trample (literally or figuratively)
  • that rise up H6965 (קוּם) — to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

6 For I will not trust in my bow, Neither shall my sword save me.

Cross references & Strong's
Cross references (TSK): Exodus 17:11 · 1 Samuel 17:47 · Psalms 20:7 · Psalms 33:16 · Hosea 1:7
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • For I will not trust H982 (בָּטַח) — properly, to hie for refuge (but not so precipitately as 2620); figuratively, to trust, be confident or sure
  • in my bow H7198 (קֶשֶׁת) — a bow, for shooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris
  • neither shall my sword H2719 (חֶרֶב) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
  • save H3467 (יָשַׁע) — properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e. (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor

7 But thou hast saved us from our adversaries, And hast put them to shame that hate us.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • But thou hast saved H3467 (יָשַׁע) — properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e. (by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or succor
  • us from our enemies H6862 (צַר) — narrow; (as a noun) a tight place (usually figuratively, i.e. trouble); also a pebble (as in 6864); (transitive) an opponent (as crowding)
  • and hast put them to shame H954 (בּוּשׁ) — properly, to pale, i.e. by implication to be ashamed; also (by implication) to be disappointed or delayed
  • that hated H8130 (שָׂנֵא) — to hate (personally)

8 In God have we made our boast all the day long, And we will give thanks unto thy name for ever. [Selah

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • In God H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
  • we boast H1984 (הָלַל) — to be clear (orig. of sound, but usually of color); to shine; hence, to make a show, to boast; and thus to be (clamorously) foolish; to rave; causatively, to ce…
  • all the day H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
  • long, and praise H3034 (יָדָה) — physically, to throw (a stone, an arrow) at or away; especially to revere or worship (with extended hands); intensively, to bemoan (by wringing the hands)
  • thy name H8034 (שֵׁם) — an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
  • for ever H5769 (עוֹלָם) — properly, concealed, i.e. the vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future), i.e. (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial (especially…
  • Selah H5542 (סֶלָה) — suspension (of music), i.e. pause

9 But now thou hast cast us off, and brought us to dishonor, And goest not forth with our hosts.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • But H637 (אַף) — meaning accession (used as an adverb or conjunction); also or yea; adversatively though
  • thou hast cast off H2186 (זָנַח) — reject, forsake, fail
  • and put us to shame H3637 (כָּלַם) — properly, to wound; but only figuratively, to taunt or insult
  • and goest not forth H3318 (יָצָא) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.
  • with our armies H6635 (צָבָא) — a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, h…

10 Thou makest us to turn back from the adversary; And they that hate us take spoil for themselves.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Thou makest us to turn H7725 (שׁוּב) — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally…
  • back H268 (אָחוֹר) — the hinder part; hence (adverb) behind, backward; also (as facing north) the West
  • from the enemy H6862 (צַר) — narrow; (as a noun) a tight place (usually figuratively, i.e. trouble); also a pebble (as in 6864); (transitive) an opponent (as crowding)
  • and they which hate H8130 (שָׂנֵא) — to hate (personally)
  • us spoil H8154 (שָׁסָה) — to plunder

11 Thou hast made us like sheep appointed for food, And hast scattered us among the nations.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Thou hast given H5414 (נָתַן) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
  • us like sheep H6629 (צֹאן) — a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
  • for meat H3978 (מַאֲכָל) — an eatable (includ. provender, flesh and fruit)
  • and hast scattered H2219 (זָרָה) — to toss about; by implication, to diffuse, winnow
  • us among the heathen H1471 (גּוֹי) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts

12 Thou sellest thy people for nought, And hast not increased thy wealth by their price.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Thou sellest H4376 (מָכַר) — to sell, literally (as merchandise, a daughter in marriage, into slavery), or figuratively (to surrender)
  • thy people H5971 (עַם) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
  • for nought H1952 (הוֹן) — wealth; by implication, enough
  • and dost not increase H7235 (רָבָה) — to increase (in whatever respect)
  • by their price H4242 (מְחִיר) — price, payment, wages

13 Thou makest us a reproach to our neighbors, A scoffing and a derision to them that are round about us.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Thou makest H7760 (שׂוּם) — to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
  • us a reproach H2781 (חֶרְפָּה) — contumely, disgrace, the pudenda
  • to our neighbours H7934 (שָׁכֵן) — a resident; by extension, a fellow-citizen
  • a scorn H3933 (לַעַג) — derision, scoffing
  • and a derision H7047 (קֶלֶס) — a laughing-stock
  • to them that are round about H5439 (סָבִיב) — (as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around

14 Thou makest us a byword among the nations, A shaking of the head among the peoples.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Thou makest H7760 (שׂוּם) — to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
  • us a byword H4912 (מָשָׁל) — properly, a pithy maxim, usually of metaphorical nature; hence, a simile (as an adage, poem, discourse)
  • among the heathen H1471 (גּוֹי) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
  • a shaking H4493 (מָנוֹד) — a nodding or toss (of the head in derision)
  • of the head H7218 (רֹאשׁ) — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
  • among the people H3816 (לְאֹם) — a community

15 All the day long is my dishonor before me, And the shame of my face hath covered me,

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • My confusion H3639 (כְּלִמָּה) — disgrace
  • continually H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
  • before me, and the shame H1322 (בֹּשֶׁת) — shame (the feeling and the condition, as well as its cause); by implication (specifically) an idol
  • of my face H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
  • hath covered H3680 (כָּסָה) — properly, to plump, i.e. fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)

16 For the voice of him that reproacheth and blasphemeth, By reason of the enemy and the avenger.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • For the voice H6963 (קוֹל) — a voice or sound
  • of him that reproacheth H2778 (חָרַף) — to pull off, i.e. (by implication) to expose (as by stripping); specifically, to betroth (as if a surrender); figuratively, to carp at, i.e. defame; to spend th…
  • and blasphemeth H1442 (גָּדַף) — to hack (with words), i.e. revile
  • by reason H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
  • of the enemy H341 (אֹיֵב) — hating; an adversary
  • and avenger H5358 (נָקַם) — to grudge, i.e. avenge or punish

17 All this is come upon us; yet have we not forgotten thee, Neither have we dealt falsely in thy covenant.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • All this is come H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
  • upon us; yet have we not forgotten H7911 (שָׁכַח) — to mislay, i.e. to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention
  • thee, neither have we dealt falsely H8266 (שָׁקַר) — to cheat, i.e. be untrue (usually in words)
  • in thy covenant H1285 (בְּרִית) — a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh)

18 Our heart is not turned back, Neither have our steps declined from thy way,

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Our heart H3820 (לֵב) — the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything
  • is not turned H5472 (סוּג) — properly, to flinch, i.e. (by implication) to go back, literally (to retreat) or figuratively (to apostatize)
  • back H268 (אָחוֹר) — the hinder part; hence (adverb) behind, backward; also (as facing north) the West
  • neither have our steps H838 (אָשֻׁר) — a step
  • declined H5186 (נָטָה) — to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)
  • from thy way H734 (אֹרַח) — a well-trodden road (literally or figuratively); also a caravan

19 That thou hast sore broken us in the place of jackals, And covered us with the shadow of death.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Though thou hast sore broken H1794 (דָּכָה) — to collapse (phys. or mentally)
  • us in the place H4725 (מָקוֹם) — properly, a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
  • of dragons H8577 (תַּנִּין) — a marine or land monster, i.e. sea-serpent or jackal
  • and covered H3680 (כָּסָה) — properly, to plump, i.e. fill up hollows; by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy)
  • us with the shadow of death H6757 (צַלְמָוֶת) — shade of death, i.e. the grave (figuratively, calamity)

20 If we have forgotten the name of our God, Or spread forth our hands to a strange god;

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • If we have forgotten H7911 (שָׁכַח) — to mislay, i.e. to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention
  • the name H8034 (שֵׁם) — an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
  • of our God H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
  • or stretched out H6566 (פָּרַשׂ) — to break apart, disperse, etc.
  • our hands H3709 (כַּף) — the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-tree); fig…
  • to a strange H2114 (זוּר) — to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be a foreigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery
  • god H410 (אֵל) — strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity)

21 Will not God search this out? For he knoweth the secrets of the heart.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Shall not God H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
  • search this out H2713 (חָקַר) — properly, to penetrate; hence, to examine intimately
  • for he knoweth H3045 (יָדַע) — to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation…
  • the secrets H8587 (תַּעֲלֻמָּה) — a secret
  • of the heart H3820 (לֵב) — the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything

22 Yea, for thy sake are we killed all the day long; We are accounted as sheep for the slaughter.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Yea, for thy sake are we killed H2026 (הָרַג) — to smite with deadly intent
  • all the day H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
  • long; we are counted H2803 (חָשַׁב) — properly, to plait or interpenetrate, i.e. (literally) to weave or (generally) to fabricate; figuratively, to plot or contrive (usually in a malicious sense); h…
  • as sheep H6629 (צֹאן) — a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
  • for the slaughter H2878 (טִבְחָה)

23 Awake, why sleepest thou, O Lord? Arise, cast us not off for ever.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Awake H5782 (עוּר) — to wake (literally or figuratively)
  • why sleepest H3462 (יָשֵׁן) — properly, to be slack or languid, i.e. (by implication) sleep (figuratively, to die); also to grow old, stale or inveterate
  • thou, O Lord H136 (אֲדֹנָי) — the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
  • arise H6974 (קוּץ) — to awake (literally or figuratively)
  • not off H2186 (זָנַח) — reject, forsake, fail
  • for ever H5331 (נֶצַח) — properly, a goal, i.e. the bright object at a distance travelled towards; hence (figuratively), splendor, or (subjectively) truthfulness, or (objectively) confi…

24 Wherefore hidest thou thy face, And forgettest our affliction and our oppression?

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Wherefore hidest H5641 (סָתַר) — to hide (by covering), literally or figuratively
  • thou thy face H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
  • forgettest H7911 (שָׁכַח) — to mislay, i.e. to be oblivious of, from want of memory or attention
  • our affliction H6040 (עֳנִי) — depression, i.e. misery
  • and our oppression H3906 (לַחַץ) — distress

25 For our soul is bowed down to the dust: Our body cleaveth unto the earth.

Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • For our soul H5315 (נֶפֶשׁ) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental)
  • is bowed down H7743 (שׁוּחַ) — to sink, literally or figuratively
  • to the dust H6083 (עָפָר) — dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth, mud
  • our belly H990 (בֶּטֶן) — the belly, especially the womb; also the bosom or body of anything
  • cleaveth H1692 (דָּבַק) — properly, to impinge, i.e. cling or adhere; figuratively, to catch by pursuit
  • unto the earth H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

26 Rise up for our help, And redeem us for thy lovingkindness’ sake.

Cross references & Strong's
Cross references (TSK): Psalms 25:22 · Psalms 26:11 · Psalms 35:2 · Psalms 119:25 · Psalms 130:7
Strong's numbers (from RLT):
  • Arise H6965 (קוּם) — to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)
  • for our help H5833 (עֶזְרָה) — aid
  • and redeem H6299 (פָּדָה) — to sever, i.e. ransom; generally to release, preserve
  • us for thy mercies’ H2617 (חֶסֶד) — kindness; by implication (towards God) piety; rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty