1 Thus said Jehovah, Go, and buy a potter’s earthen bottle, and take of the elders of the people, and of the elders of the priests;Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Thus saith H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- Go H1980 (הָלַךְ) — to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
- and get H7069 (קָנָה) — to erect, i.e. create; by extension, to procure, especially by purchase (causatively, sell); by implication to own
- a potter’s H3335 (יָצַר) — to mould into a form; especially as a potter; figuratively, to determine (i.e. form a resolution)
- earthen H2789 (חֶרֶשׂ) — a piece of pottery
- bottle H1228 (בַּקְבֻּק) — a bottle (from the gurgling in emptying)
- of the ancients H2205 (זָקֵן) — old
- of the people H5971 (עַם) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
- and of the ancients H2205 (זָקֵן) — old
- of the priests H3548 (כֹּהֵן) — literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
2 and go forth unto the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is by the entry of the gate Harsith, and proclaim there the words that I shall tell thee;Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And go forth H3318 (יָצָא) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.
- unto the valley H1516 (גַּיְא) — a gorge (from its lofty sides; hence, narrow, but not a gully or winter-torrent)
- of the son H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
- of Hinnom H2011 (הִנֹּם) — Hinnom, apparently a Jebusite
- by the entry H6607 (פֶּתַח) — an opening (literally), i.e. door (gate) or entrance way
- of the east H2777 (חַרְסוּת) — a potsherd, i.e. (by implication) a pottery; the name of a gate at Jerusalem
- gate H8179 (שַׁעַר) — an opening, i.e. door or gate
- and proclaim H7121 (קָרָא) — to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
- there the words H1697 (דָּבָר) — a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
- that I shall tell H1696 (דָבַר) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
3 and say, Hear ye the word of Jehovah, O kings of Judah, and inhabitants of Jerusalem: Thus saith Jehovah of hosts, the God of Israel, Behold, I will bring evil upon this place, which whosoever heareth, his ears shall tingle.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And say H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- Hear H8085 (שָׁמַע) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
- ye the word H1697 (דָּבָר) — a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
- of Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- O kings H4428 (מֶלֶךְ) — a king
- of Judah H3063 (יְהוּדָה) — Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
- and inhabitants H3427 (יָשַׁב) — properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
- of Jerusalem H3389 (יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם) — Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
- Thus saith H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- of Armies H6635 (צָבָא) — a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, h…
- the God H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
- of Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- Behold, I will bring H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
- evil H7451 (רַע) — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
- upon this place H4725 (מָקוֹם) — properly, a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
- the which whosoever heareth H8085 (שָׁמַע) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
- his ears H241 (אֹזֶן) — broadness. i.e. (concrete) the ear (from its form in man)
- shall tingle H6750 (צָלַל) — to tinkle, i.e. rattle together (as the ears in reddening with shame, or the teeth in chattering with fear)
4 Because they have forsaken me, and have estranged this place, and have burned incense in it unto other gods, that they knew not, they and their fathers and the kings of Judah, and have filled this place with the blood of innocents,Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Because they have forsaken H5800 (עָזַב) — to loosen, i.e. relinquish, permit, etc.
- me, and have estranged H5234 (נָכַר) — properly, to scrutinize, i.e. look intently at; hence (with recognition implied), to acknowledge, be acquainted with, care for, respect, revere, or (with suspic…
- this place H4725 (מָקוֹם) — properly, a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
- and have burned incense H6999 (קָטַר) — to smoke, i.e. turn into fragrance by fire (especially as an act of worship)
- in it unto other H312 (אַחֵר) — properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc.
- gods H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
- whom neither they nor their fathers H1 (אָב) — father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
- have known H3045 (יָדַע) — to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation…
- nor the kings H4428 (מֶלֶךְ) — a king
- of Judah H3063 (יְהוּדָה) — Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
- and have filled H4390 (מָלֵא) — to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)
- with the blood H1818 (דָּם) — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed (i.e. dr…
- of innocents H5355 (נָקִי) — innocent
5 and have built the high places of Baal, to burn their sons in the fire for burnt-offerings unto Baal; which I commanded not, nor spake it, neither came it into my mind:Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- They have built H1129 (בָּנָה) — to build (literally and figuratively)
- also the high places H1116 (בָּמָה) — an elevation
- of Baal H1168 (בַּעַל) — Baal, a Phoenician deity
- to burn H8313 (שָׂרַף) — to be (causatively, set) on fire
- their sons H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
- with fire H784 (אֵשׁ) — fire (literally or figuratively)
- burnt offerings H5930 (עֹלָה) — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending); usually a holocaust (as going up in smoke)
- unto Baal H1168 (בַּעַל) — Baal, a Phoenician deity
- which I commanded H6680 (צָוָה) — (intensively) to constitute, enjoin
- not, nor spake H1696 (דָבַר) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
- neither came H5927 (עָלָה) — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
- into my mind H3820 (לֵב) — the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything
6 therefore, behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that this place shall no more be called Topheth, nor The valley of the son of Hinnom, but The valley of Slaughter.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Therefore, behold, the days H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
- come H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
- saith H5002 (נְאֻם) — an oracle
- Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- that this place H4725 (מָקוֹם) — properly, a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
- shall no more be called H7121 (קָרָא) — to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
- Tophet H8612 (תֹּפֶת) — Topheth, a place near Jerusalem
- nor The valley H1516 (גַּיְא) — a gorge (from its lofty sides; hence, narrow, but not a gully or winter-torrent)
- of the son H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
- of Hinnom H2011 (הִנֹּם) — Hinnom, apparently a Jebusite
- but The valley H1516 (גַּיְא) — a gorge (from its lofty sides; hence, narrow, but not a gully or winter-torrent)
- of slaughter H2028 (הֲרֵגָה) — slaughter
7 And I will make void the counsel of Judah and Jerusalem in this place; and I will cause them to fall by the sword before their enemies, and by the hand of them that seek their life: and their dead bodies will I give to be food for the birds of the heavens, and for the beasts of the earth.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And I will make void H1238 (בָּקַק) — to pour out, i.e. to empty, figuratively, to depopulate; by analogy, to spread out (as a fruitful vine)
- the counsel H6098 (עֵצָה) — advice; by implication, plan; also prudence
- of Judah H3063 (יְהוּדָה) — Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
- and Jerusalem H3389 (יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם) — Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
- in this place H4725 (מָקוֹם) — properly, a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
- and I will cause them to fall H5307 (נָפַל) — to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
- by the sword H2719 (חֶרֶב) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
- before H6440 (פָּנִים) — the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (befo…
- their enemies H341 (אֹיֵב) — hating; an adversary
- and by the hands H3027 (יָד) — a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from 3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of a…
- of them that seek H1245 (בָּקַשׁ) — to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
- their lives H5315 (נֶפֶשׁ) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental)
- and their carcases H5038 (נְבֵלָה) — a flabby thing, i.e. a carcase or carrion (human or bestial, often collectively); figuratively, an idol
- will I give H5414 (נָתַן) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
- to be meat H3978 (מַאֲכָל) — an eatable (includ. provender, flesh and fruit)
- for the fowls H5775 (עוֹף) — a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as covering with wings), often collectively
- of the heaven H8064 (שָׁמַיִם) — the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)
- and for the beasts H929 (בְּהֵמָה) — properly, a dumb beast; especially any large quadruped or animal (often collective)
- of the earth H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
8 And I will make this city an astonishment, and a hissing; every one that passeth thereby shall be astonished and hiss because of all the plagues thereof.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And I will make H7760 (שׂוּם) — to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
- this city H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
- desolate H8047 (שַׁמָּה) — ruin; by implication, consternation
- and an hissing H8322 (שְׁרֵקָה) — a derision
- every one that passeth H5674 (עָבַר) — to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation…
- thereby shall be astonished H8074 (שָׁמֵם) — to stun (or intransitively, grow numb), i.e. devastate or (figuratively) stupefy (both usually in a passive sense)
- and hiss H8319 (שָׁרַק) — properly, to be shrill, i.e. to whistle or hiss (as a call or in scorn)
- because of all the plagues H4347 (מַכָּה) — a blow (in 2 Chronicles 2:10, of the flail); by implication, a wound; figuratively, carnage, also pestilence
9 And I will cause them to eat the flesh of their sons and the flesh of their daughters; and they shall eat every one the flesh of his friend, in the siege and in the distress, wherewith their enemies, and they that seek their life, shall distress them.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And I will cause them to eat H398 (אָכַל) — to eat (literally or figuratively)
- the flesh H1320 (בָּשָׂר) — flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of a man
- of their sons H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
- and the flesh H1320 (בָּשָׂר) — flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body, person; also (by euphemistically) the pudenda of a man
- of their daughters H1323 (בַּת) — a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)
- and they shall eat H398 (אָכַל) — to eat (literally or figuratively)
- every one H376 (אִישׁ) — a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
- of his friend H7453 (רֵעַ) — an associate (more or less close)
- in the siege H4692 (מָצוֹר) — something hemming in, i.e. (objectively) a mound (of besiegers), (abstractly) a siege, (figuratively) distress; or (subjectively) a fastness
- and straitness H4689 (מָצוֹק) — a narrow place, i.e. (abstractly and figuratively) confinement or disability
- wherewith their enemies H341 (אֹיֵב) — hating; an adversary
- and they that seek H1245 (בָּקַשׁ) — to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
- their lives H5315 (נֶפֶשׁ) — properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental)
- shall straiten H6693 (צוּק) — to compress, i.e. (figuratively) oppress, distress
10 Then shalt thou break the bottle in the sight of the men that go with thee,Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Then shalt thou break H7665 (שָׁבַר) — to burst (literally or figuratively)
- the bottle H1228 (בַּקְבֻּק) — a bottle (from the gurgling in emptying)
- in the sight H5869 (עַיִן) — an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
- of the men H582 (אֱנוֹשׁ) — properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified 120); hence, a man in general (singly or collectively)
- that go H1980 (הָלַךְ) — to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
11 and shalt say unto them, Thus saith Jehovah of hosts: Even so will I break this people and this city, as one breaketh a potter’s vessel, that cannot be made whole again; and they shall bury in Topheth, till there be no place to bury.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And shalt say H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- unto them, Thus saith H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- of Armies H6635 (צָבָא) — a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, h…
- Even so H3602 (כָּכָה) — just so, referring to the previous or following context
- will I break H7665 (שָׁבַר) — to burst (literally or figuratively)
- this people H5971 (עַם) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
- and this city H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
- breaketh H7665 (שָׁבַר) — to burst (literally or figuratively)
- a potter’s H3335 (יָצַר) — to mould into a form; especially as a potter; figuratively, to determine (i.e. form a resolution)
- vessel H3627 (כְּלִי) — something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
- that cannot H3201 (יָכֹל) — to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)
- be made whole again H7495 (רָפָא) — properly, to mend (by stitching), i.e. (figuratively) to cure
- and they shall bury H6912 (קָבַר) — to inter
- in Tophet H8612 (תֹּפֶת) — Topheth, a place near Jerusalem
- no place H4725 (מָקוֹם) — properly, a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
- to bury H6912 (קָבַר) — to inter
12 Thus will I do unto this place, saith Jehovah, and to the inhabitants thereof, even making this city as Topheth:Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Thus will I do H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
- unto this place H4725 (מָקוֹם) — properly, a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
- saith H5002 (נְאֻם) — an oracle
- Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- and to the inhabitants H3427 (יָשַׁב) — properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
- make H5414 (נָתַן) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
- this city H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
- as Tophet H8612 (תֹּפֶת) — Topheth, a place near Jerusalem
13 and the houses of Jerusalem, and the houses of the kings of Judah, which are defiled, shall be as the place of Topheth, even all the houses upon whose roofs they have burned incense unto all the host of heaven, and have poured out drink-offerings unto other gods.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And the houses H1004 (בַּיִת) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
- of Jerusalem H3389 (יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם) — Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
- of the kings H4428 (מֶלֶךְ) — a king
- of Judah H3063 (יְהוּדָה) — Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
- shall be defiled H2931 (טָמֵא) — foul in a religious sense
- as the place H4725 (מָקוֹם) — properly, a standing, i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
- of Tophet H8612 (תֹּפֶת) — Topheth, a place near Jerusalem
- because of all the houses H1004 (בַּיִת) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
- upon whose roofs H1406 (גָּג) — a roof; by analogy, the top of an altar
- they have burned incense H6999 (קָטַר) — to smoke, i.e. turn into fragrance by fire (especially as an act of worship)
- unto all the host H6635 (צָבָא) — a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, h…
- of heaven H8064 (שָׁמַיִם) — the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies revolve)
- and have poured out H5258 (נָסַךְ) — to pour out, especially a libation, or to cast (metal); by analogy, to anoint a king
- drink offerings H5262 (נֶסֶךְ) — a libation; also a cast idol
- unto other H312 (אַחֵר) — properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc.
- gods H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
14 Then came Jeremiah from Topheth, whither Jehovah had sent him to prophesy; and he stood in the court of Jehovah’s house, and said to all the people:Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Then came H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
- Jeremiah H3414 (יִרְמְיָה) — Jirmejah, the name of eight or nine Israelites
- from Tophet H8612 (תֹּפֶת) — Topheth, a place near Jerusalem
- whither Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- had sent H7971 (שָׁלַח) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
- him to prophesy H5012 (נָבָא) — to prophesy, i.e. speak (or sing) by inspiration (in prediction or simple discourse)
- and he stood H5975 (עָמַד) — to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
- in the court H2691 (חָצֵר) — a yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly surrounded with walls)
- of Yhwh’s H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- house H1004 (בַּיִת) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
- and said H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- to all the people H5971 (עַם) — a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
15 Thus saith Jehovah of hosts, the God of Israel, Behold, I will bring upon this city and upon all its towns all the evil that I have pronounced against it; because they have made their neck stiff, that they may not hear my words.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Thus saith H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- of Armies H6635 (צָבָא) — a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (specifically, h…
- the God H430 (אֱלֹהִים) — gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference…
- of Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
- Behold, I will bring H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
- upon this city H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
- and upon all her towns H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
- all the evil H7451 (רַע) — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
- that I have pronounced H1696 (דָבַר) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
- against it, because they have hardened H7185 (קָשָׁה) — properly, to be dense, i.e. tough or severe (in various applications)
- their necks H6203 (עֹרֶף) — the nape or back of the neck (as declining); hence, the back generally (whether literal or figurative)
- that they might not hear H8085 (שָׁמַע) — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
- my words H1697 (דָּבָר) — a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause