1 And thou, son of man, take thee a sharp sword; as a barber’s razor shalt thou take it unto thee, and shalt cause it to pass upon thy head and upon thy beard: then take thee balances to weigh, and divide the hair.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And thou, son H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
- of man H120 (אָדָם) — ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
- take H3947 (לָקַח) — to take (in the widest variety of applications)
- thee a sharp H2299 (חַד) — sharp
- knife H2719 (חֶרֶב) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
- thee a barber’s H1532 (גַּלָּב) — a barber
- razor H8593 (תַּעַר) — a knife or razor (as making bare); also a scabbard (as being bare, i.e. empty)
- to pass H5674 (עָבַר) — to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation…
- upon thine head H7218 (רֹאשׁ) — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
- and upon thy beard H2206 (זָקָן) — the beard (as indicating age)
- then take H3947 (לָקַח) — to take (in the widest variety of applications)
- thee balances H3976 (מֹאזֵן) — (only in the dual) a pair of scales
- to weigh H4948 (מִשְׁקָל) — weight (numerically estimated); hence, weighing (the act)
- and divide H2505 (חָלַק) — to be smooth (figuratively); by implication (as smooth stones were used for lots) to apportion or separate
2 A third part shalt thou burn in the fire in the midst of the city, when the days of the siege are fulfilled; and thou shalt take a third part, and smite with the sword round about it; and a third part thou shalt scatter to the wind, and I will draw out a sword after them.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Thou shalt burn H1197 (בָּעַר) — to kindle, i.e. consume (by fire or by eating); to be (-come) brutish
- with fire H217 (אוּר) — flame; hence (in the plural) the East (as being the region of light)
- a third part H7992 (שְׁלִישִׁי) — third; feminine a third (part); by extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a third-story cell)
- in the midst H8432 (תָּוֶךְ) — a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre
- of the city H5892 (עִיר) — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
- when the days H3117 (יוֹם) — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated ter…
- of the siege H4692 (מָצוֹר) — something hemming in, i.e. (objectively) a mound (of besiegers), (abstractly) a siege, (figuratively) distress; or (subjectively) a fastness
- are fulfilled H4390 (מָלֵא) — to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)
- and thou shalt take H3947 (לָקַח) — to take (in the widest variety of applications)
- smite H5221 (נָכָה) — to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
- about H5439 (סָבִיב) — (as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
- it with a knife H2719 (חֶרֶב) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
- and a third part H7992 (שְׁלִישִׁי) — third; feminine a third (part); by extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a third-story cell)
- thou shalt scatter H2219 (זָרָה) — to toss about; by implication, to diffuse, winnow
- in the wind H7307 (רוּחַ) — wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by re…
- and I will draw out H7324 (רוּק) — to pour out (literally or figuratively), i.e. empty
- a sword H2719 (חֶרֶב) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
- after H310 (אַחַר) — properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
3 And thou shalt take thereof a few in number, and bind them in thy skirts.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Thou shalt also take H3947 (לָקַח) — to take (in the widest variety of applications)
- thereof a few H4592 (מְעַט) — a little or few (often adverbial or comparative)
- in number H4557 (מִסְפָּר) — a number, definite (arithmetical) or indefinite (large, innumerable; small, a few); also (abstractly) narration
- and bind H6696 (צוּר) — to cramp, i.e. confine (in many applications, literally and figuratively, formative or hostile)
- them in thy skirts H3671 (כָּנָף) — an edge or extremity; specifically (of a bird or army) a wing, (of a garment or bedclothing) a flap, (of the earth) a quarter, (of a building) a pinnacle
4 And of these again shalt thou take, and cast them into the midst of the fire, and burn them in the fire; therefrom shall a fire come forth into all the house of Israel.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Then take of them again H3947 (לָקַח) — to take (in the widest variety of applications)
- and cast H7993 (שָׁלַךְ) — to throw out, down or away (literally or figuratively)
- them into the midst H8432 (תָּוֶךְ) — a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre
- of the fire H784 (אֵשׁ) — fire (literally or figuratively)
- and burn H8313 (שָׂרַף) — to be (causatively, set) on fire
- them in the fire H784 (אֵשׁ) — fire (literally or figuratively)
- thereof shall a fire H784 (אֵשׁ) — fire (literally or figuratively)
- come forth H3318 (יָצָא) — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim.
- into all the house H1004 (בַּיִת) — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
- of Israel H3478 (יִשְׂרָאֵל) — he will rule as God; Jisraël, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
5 Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: This is Jerusalem; I have set her in the midst of the nations, and countries are round about her.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Thus saith H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- the Lord H136 (אֲדֹנָי) — the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
- Yhwh H3069 (יְהֹוִה)
- Jerusalem H3389 (יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם) — Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
- I have set H7760 (שׂוּם) — to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
- it in the midst H8432 (תָּוֶךְ) — a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre
- of the nations H1471 (גּוֹי) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
- and countries H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
- round about H5439 (סָבִיב) — (as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
6 And she hath rebelled against mine ordinances in doing wickedness more than the nations, and against my statutes more than the countries that are round about her; for they have rejected mine ordinances, and as for my statutes, they have not walked in them.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And she hath changed H4784 (מָרָה) — to be (causatively, make) bitter (or unpleasant); (figuratively) to rebel (or resist; causatively, to provoke)
- my judgments H4941 (מִשְׁפָּט) — properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or…
- into wickedness H7564 (רִשְׁעָה) — wrong (especially moral)
- more than the nations H1471 (גּוֹי) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
- and my statutes H2708 (חֻקָּה)
- more than the countries H776 (אֶרֶץ) — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
- round about H5439 (סָבִיב) — (as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
- her: for they have refused H3988 (מָאַס) — to spurn; also (intransitively) to disappear
- they have not walked H1980 (הָלַךְ) — to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
7 Therefore thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Because ye are turbulent more than the nations that are round about you, and have not walked in my statutes, neither have kept mine ordinances, neither have done after the ordinances of the nations that are round about you;Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Therefore thus saith H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- the Lord H136 (אֲדֹנָי) — the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
- Yhwh H3069 (יְהֹוִה)
- Because ye multiplied H1995 (הָמוֹן) — a noise, tumult, crowd; also disquietude, wealth
- more than the nations H1471 (גּוֹי) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
- round about H5439 (סָבִיב) — (as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
- have not walked H1980 (הָלַךְ) — to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
- in my statutes H2708 (חֻקָּה)
- neither have kept H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
- my judgments H4941 (מִשְׁפָּט) — properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or…
- neither have done H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
- according to the judgments H4941 (מִשְׁפָּט) — properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or…
- of the nations H1471 (גּוֹי) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
8 therefore thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Behold, I, even I, am against thee; and I will execute judgments in the midst of thee in the sight of the nations.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Therefore thus saith H559 (אָמַר) — to say (used with great latitude)
- the Lord H136 (אֲדֹנָי) — the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
- Yhwh H3069 (יְהֹוִה)
- against thee, and will execute H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
- judgments H4941 (מִשְׁפָּט) — properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or…
- in the midst H8432 (תָּוֶךְ) — a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre
- of thee in the sight H5869 (עַיִן) — an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
- of the nations H1471 (גּוֹי) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
9 And I will do in thee that which I have not done, and whereunto I will not do any more the like, because of all thine abominations.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- And I will do H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
- in thee that which I have not done H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
- and whereunto I will not do H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
- any more the like, because H3282 (יַעַן) — properly, heed; by implication, purpose (sake or account); used adverbially to indicate the reason or cause
- of all thine abominations H8441 (תּוֹעֵבַה) — properly, something disgusting (morally), i.e. (as noun) an abhorrence; especially idolatry or (concretely) an idol
10 Therefore the fathers shall eat the sons in the midst of thee, and the sons shall eat their fathers; and I will execute judgments on thee; and the whole remnant of thee will I scatter unto all the winds.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Therefore the fathers H1 (אָב) — father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
- shall eat H398 (אָכַל) — to eat (literally or figuratively)
- the sons H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
- in the midst H8432 (תָּוֶךְ) — a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre
- of thee, and the sons H1121 (בֵּן) — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,…
- their fathers H1 (אָב) — father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
- and I will execute H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
- judgments H8201 (שֶׁפֶט) — a sentence, i.e. infliction
- in thee, and the whole remnant H7611 (שְׁאֵרִית) — a remainder or residual (surviving, final) portion
- of thee will I scatter H2219 (זָרָה) — to toss about; by implication, to diffuse, winnow
- into all the winds H7307 (רוּחַ) — wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by re…
11 Wherefore, as I live, saith the Lord Jehovah, surely, because thou hast defiled my sanctuary with all thy detestable things, and with all thine abominations, therefore will I also diminish thee; neither shall mine eye spare, and I also will have no pity.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- I live H2416 (חַי) — alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing),…
- saith H5002 (נְאֻם) — an oracle
- the Lord H136 (אֲדֹנָי) — the Lord (used as a proper name of God only)
- Yhwh H3069 (יְהֹוִה)
- Surely, because thou hast defiled H2930 (טָמֵא) — to be foul, especially in a ceremial or moral sense (contaminated)
- my sanctuary H4720 (מִקְדָּשׁ) — a consecrated thing or place, especially, a palace, sanctuary (whether of Jehovah or of idols) or asylum
- with all thy detestable things H8251 (שִׁקּוּץ) — disgusting, i.e. filthy; especially idolatrous or (concretely) an idol
- and with all thine abominations H8441 (תּוֹעֵבַה) — properly, something disgusting (morally), i.e. (as noun) an abhorrence; especially idolatry or (concretely) an idol
- therefore will I also diminish H1639 (גָּרַע) — to scrape off; by implication, to shave, remove, lessen, withhold
- neither shall mine eye H5869 (עַיִן) — an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
- spare H2347 (חוּס) — properly, to cover, i.e. (figuratively) to compassionate
- neither will I have any pity H2550 (חָמַל) — to commiserate; by implication, to spare
12 A third part of thee shall die with the pestilence, and with famine shall they be consumed in the midst of thee; and a third part shall fall by the sword round about thee; and a third part I will scatter unto all the winds, and will draw out a sword after them.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- A third part H7992 (שְׁלִישִׁי) — third; feminine a third (part); by extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a third-story cell)
- of thee shall die H4191 (מוּת) — to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
- with the pestilence H1698 (דֶּבֶר) — a pestilence
- and with famine H7458 (רָעָב) — hunger (more or less extensive)
- shall they be consumed H3615 (כָּלָה) — to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume)
- in the midst H8432 (תָּוֶךְ) — a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre
- of thee: and a third part H7992 (שְׁלִישִׁי) — third; feminine a third (part); by extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a third-story cell)
- shall fall H5307 (נָפַל) — to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
- by the sword H2719 (חֶרֶב) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
- round about H5439 (סָבִיב) — (as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
- thee; and I will scatter H2219 (זָרָה) — to toss about; by implication, to diffuse, winnow
- into all the winds H7307 (רוּחַ) — wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by re…
- and I will draw out H7324 (רוּק) — to pour out (literally or figuratively), i.e. empty
- a sword H2719 (חֶרֶב) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
- after H310 (אַחַר) — properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
13 Thus shall mine anger be accomplished, and I will cause my wrath toward them to rest, and I shall be comforted: and they shall know that I, Jehovah, have spoken in my zeal, when I have accomplished my wrath upon them.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Thus shall mine anger H639 (אַף) — properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
- be accomplished H3615 (כָּלָה) — to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume)
- and I will cause my fury H2534 (חֵמָה) — heat; figuratively, anger, poison (from its fever)
- to rest H5117 (נוּחַ) — to rest, i.e. settle down; used in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, intransitive, transitive and causative (to dwell, stay, let fall, pl…
- upon them, and I will be comforted H5162 (נָחַם) — properly, to sigh, i.e. breathe strongly; by implication, to be sorry, i.e. (in a favorable sense) to pity, console or (reflexively) rue; or (unfavorably) to av…
- and they shall know H3045 (יָדַע) — to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing); used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally, euphemistically and inferentially (including observation…
- that I Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- have spoken H1696 (דָבַר) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
- in my zeal H7068 (קִנְאָה) — jealousy or envy
- when I have accomplished H3615 (כָּלָה) — to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitive (to complete, prepare, consume)
- my fury H2534 (חֵמָה) — heat; figuratively, anger, poison (from its fever)
14 Moreover I will make thee a desolation and a reproach among the nations that are round about thee, in the sight of all that pass by.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- Moreover I will make H5414 (נָתַן) — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
- thee waste H2723 (חׇרְבָּה) — properly, drought, i.e. (by implication) a desolation
- and a reproach H2781 (חֶרְפָּה) — contumely, disgrace, the pudenda
- among the nations H1471 (גּוֹי) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
- round about H5439 (סָבִיב) — (as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
- thee, in the sight H5869 (עַיִן) — an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
- of all that pass by H5674 (עָבַר) — to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation…
15 So it shall be a reproach and a taunt, an instruction and an astonishment, unto the nations that are round about thee, when I shall execute judgments on thee in anger and in wrath, and in wrathful rebukes (I, Jehovah, have spoken it);Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- So it shall be a reproach H2781 (חֶרְפָּה) — contumely, disgrace, the pudenda
- and a taunt H1422 (גְּדוּפָה) — a revilement
- an instruction H4148 (מוּסָר) — properly, chastisement; figuratively, reproof, warning or instruction; also restraint
- and an astonishment H4923 (מְשַׁמָּה) — a waste or amazement
- unto the nations H1471 (גּוֹי) — a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locusts
- round about H5439 (סָבִיב) — (as noun) a circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with or without preposition) around
- thee, when I shall execute H6213 (עָשָׂה) — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
- judgments H8201 (שֶׁפֶט) — a sentence, i.e. infliction
- in thee in anger H639 (אַף) — properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire
- and in fury H2534 (חֵמָה) — heat; figuratively, anger, poison (from its fever)
- and in furious H2534 (חֵמָה) — heat; figuratively, anger, poison (from its fever)
- rebukes H8433 (תּוֹכֵחָה) — chastisement; figuratively (by words) correction, refutation, proof (even in defence)
- I Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- have spoken H1696 (דָבַר) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
16 when I shall send upon them the evil arrows of famine, that are for destruction, which I will send to destroy you. And I will increase the famine upon you, and will break your staff of bread;Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- When I shall send H7971 (שָׁלַח) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
- upon them the evil H7451 (רַע) — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
- arrows H2671 (חֵץ) — properly, a piercer, i.e. an arrow; by implication, a wound; figuratively, (of God) thunder-bolt; the shaft of a spear
- of famine H7458 (רָעָב) — hunger (more or less extensive)
- destruction H4889 (מַשְׁחִית) — destructive, i.e. (as noun) destruction, literally (specifically a snare) or figuratively (corruption)
- which I will send H7971 (שָׁלַח) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
- to destroy H7843 (שָׁחַת) — to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
- you: and I will increase H3254 (יָסַף) — to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)
- the famine H7458 (רָעָב) — hunger (more or less extensive)
- upon you, and will break H7665 (שָׁבַר) — to burst (literally or figuratively)
- your staff H4294 (מַטֶּה) — a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance), or walkin…
- of bread H3899 (לֶחֶם) — food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
17 and I will send upon you famine and evil beasts, and they shall bereave thee; and pestilence and blood shall pass through thee; and I will bring the sword upon thee: I, Jehovah, have spoken it.Cross references & Strong's
Strong's numbers (from RLT):- So will I send H7971 (שָׁלַח) — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
- upon you famine H7458 (רָעָב) — hunger (more or less extensive)
- and evil H7451 (רַע) — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
- beasts H2416 (חַי) — alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing),…
- and they shall bereave H7921 (שָׁכֹל) — properly, to miscarry, i.e. suffer abortion; by analogy, to bereave (literally or figuratively)
- thee; and pestilence H1698 (דֶּבֶר) — a pestilence
- and blood H1818 (דָּם) — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshed (i.e. dr…
- shall pass through H5674 (עָבַר) — to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in copulation…
- thee; and I will bring H935 (בּוֹא) — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
- the sword H2719 (חֶרֶב) — drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
- upon thee. I Yhwh H3068 (יְהֹוָה) — (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jeho-vah, Jewish national name of God
- have spoken H1696 (דָבַר) — perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue